TSPAN9

Chr 12

tetraspanin 9

Also known as: NET-5, NET5, PP1057

The encoded protein is a tetraspanin family member that mediates signal transduction events regulating cell development, activation, growth and motility through its four transmembrane domains. Mutations cause autosomal recessive intellectual disability with seizures and spasticity, typically presenting in early childhood. The gene shows moderate constraint against loss-of-function variants (LOEUF 0.519), suggesting intolerance to complete protein loss.

Summary from RefSeq
Research Assistant →
0
Active trials
9
Pubs (1 yr)
63
P/LP submissions
0%
P/LP missense
0.52
LOEUF
Multiple*
Mechanism· predicted
Clinical SummaryTSPAN9
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Moderately constrained gene (pLI 0.66) — some intolerance to loss-of-function variants.
📋
ClinVar Variants
63 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 46 VUS of 122 total submissions

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Moderate LoF intolerance
LoF Constraint
0.52LOEUF
pLI 0.659
Z-score 2.70
OE 0.16 (0.070.52)
Moderately constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint
1.38Z-score
OE missense 0.67 (0.570.80)
96 obs / 142.4 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.16 (0.070.52)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.67 (0.570.80)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.08
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 2 / 12.1Missense obs/exp: 96 / 142.4Syn Z: -0.46
DN
0.7035th %ile
GOF
0.74top 25%
LOF
0.2969th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to gain-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

122 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic59
Likely Pathogenic4
VUS46
Likely Benign2
59
Pathogenic
4
Likely Pathogenic
46
VUS
2
Likely Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
59
0
59
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
4
0
4
VUS
0
34
12
0
46
Likely Benign
0
2
0
0
2
Benign
0
0
0
0
0
Total036750111

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

TSPAN9 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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