TAAR1

Chr 6

trace amine associated receptor 1

Also known as: TA1, TAR1, TRAR1

NCBI Gene: 134864ENSG00000146399UniProt: Q96RJ0

The protein encoded by this gene is a G-protein coupled receptor activated by trace amines. The encoded protein responds little or not at all to dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, or histamine, but responds well to beta-phenylethylamine, p-tyramine, octopamine, and tryptamine. While primarily functioning in neurologic systems, there is evidence that this gene is involved in blood cell and immunologic functions as well. This gene is thought to be intronless. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

65
ClinVar variants
11
Pathogenic / LP
0.00
pLI score
0
Active trials
Clinical Summary— TAAR1
⚡
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
📋
ClinVar Variants
11 Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 49 VUS of 65 total submissions

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD
Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint?LOEUF (Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper bound Fraction) is the upper bound of the 90% CI for LoF OE — the preferred gnomAD v4 metric. Lower = more intolerant to LoF. LOEUF < 0.35 = highly constrained.
1.43LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 0.71
OE 0.73 (0.40–1.43)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint?Missense Z-score: standard deviations fewer missense variants observed vs. expected. Z > 3.09 (p < 0.001) = gene does not tolerate missense variation. OE missense < 0.6 is also considered constrained.
-0.69Z-score
OE missense 1.14 (1.02–1.28)
204 obs / 178.2 exp
Tolerant

Tolerant to missense variation

Observed / Expected Ratios?Shaded band = 90% confidence interval. Vertical tick = point estimate. Grey threshold line = gnomAD constraint cutoff for that variant class.
LoF OE?Ratio of observed to expected LoF variants. Upper CI bound (LOEUF) ≤ 0.35 = strong LoF constraint signal.0.73 (0.40–1.43)
0≤0.351.4
Missense OE?Ratio of observed to expected missense variants. OE ≤ 0.6 = fewer missense variants than expected by chance.1.14 (1.02–1.28)
0≤0.61.4
Synonymous OE?Control metric — synonymous variants are largely neutral and expected near OE = 1.0. Significant deviation may indicate annotation issues.1.10
0≤1.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 6 / 8.2Missense obs/exp: 204 / 178.2Syn Z: -0.64

ClinVar Variant Classifications

65 submitted variants in ClinVar

ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic11
VUS49
Likely Benign2
Benign3
11
Pathogenic
49
VUS
2
Likely Benign
3
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
11
0
11
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
0
0
0
VUS
0
43
6
0
49
Likely Benign
0
0
0
2
2
Benign
0
2
0
1
3
Total04517365

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

TAAR1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

OMIM — Genotype-Phenotype Relationships

1 OMIM entry

OMIM
Clinical Literature
Landmark / reviewRecent case evidence
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Structural and signaling mechanisms of TAAR1 enabled preferential agonist design.
Shang P et al.·Cell
2023Functional
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Newly emerging measurements, pathways, and treatments.
Marder SR et al.·Schizophr Res
2023Review
Update on novel antipsychotics and pharmacological strategies for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
de Bartolomeis A et al.·Expert Opin Pharmacother
2022Review
TAAR1 and Psychostimulant Addiction.
Liu J et al.·Cell Mol Neurobiol
2020Review
TAAR1 as an emerging target for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Liu J et al.·Pharmacol Ther
2024Review
Novel pharmaceutical treatment approaches for schizophrenia: a systematic literature review.
Jarab A et al.·Eur J Clin Pharmacol
2025Review
Recognition of methamphetamine and other amines by trace amine receptor TAAR1.
Liu H et al.·Nature
2023
Gut microbiota-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine impair insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome.
Zhai L et al.·Nat Commun
2023
Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1): A new drug target for psychiatry?
Dodd S et al.·Neurosci Biobehav Rev
2021Review
Therapeutic Potential of TAAR1 Agonists in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Preclinical Models and Clinical Studies.
Dedic N et al.·Int J Mol Sci
2021Review
Top 10 resultsSearch PubMed ↗
Recent Gene-Specific Literature
Gene in title · MEDLINE · newest first
Europe PMC
Top 5 resultsSearch Europe PMC ↗

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov →

External Resources

Links to major genomics databases and tools