SPEN

Chr 1AD

spen family transcriptional repressor

Also known as: HIAA0929, MINT, RATARS, RBM15C, SHARP

This gene encodes a transcriptional repressor that regulates key developmental pathways including Notch signaling and serves as a nuclear matrix platform organizing transcriptional responses. Mutations cause Radio-Tartaglia syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and skeletal abnormalities. The gene is highly constrained against loss-of-function variation (pLI=1, LOEUF=0.071), indicating that complete loss of protein function is likely incompatible with normal development.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
LOFmechanismADLOEUF 0.071 OMIM phenotype
Clinical SummarySPEN
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
Radio-Tartaglia syndrome · ADDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 1.00). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

LoF intolerant — likely haploinsufficient
LoF Constraint
0.07LOEUF
pLI 1.000
Z-score 10.20
OE 0.03 (0.010.07)
Highly constrained

Among the most LoF-intolerant genes (~top 3%)

Missense Constraint
2.89Z-score
OE missense 0.82 (0.790.85)
1697 obs / 2067.2 exp
Mild constraint

Moderately missense-constrained (top ~2.5%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.03 (0.010.07)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.82 (0.790.85)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.01
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 4 / 129.0Missense obs/exp: 1697 / 2067.2Syn Z: -0.32
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveSPEN-related developmental disorderLOFAD
DN
0.12100th %ile
GOF
0.15100th %ile
LOF
0.92top 5%

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is loss-of-function (haploinsufficiency).

LOFprediction above median · 1 literature citation · LOEUF 0.07

Literature Evidence

LOFSPEN haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder overlapping proximal 1p36 deletion syndrome with an episignature of X chromosomes in females.PMID:33596411

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

SPEN · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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