SMARCB1

Chr 22AD

SWI/SNF related BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit B1

Also known as: BAF47, CSS3, INI-1, INI1, MRD15, PPP1R144, RDT, RTPS1

The protein relieves repressive chromatin structures to allow transcriptional machinery access to target genes and functions as a tumor suppressor. Loss-of-function mutations cause autosomal dominant rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 1, Coffin-Siris syndrome 3, and susceptibility to schwannomatosis-1. The pathogenic mechanism involves haploinsufficiency, as the gene is highly intolerant to loss-of-function variants.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt, Mechanism
LOFmechanismADLOEUF 0.224 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummarySMARCB1
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 1 · ADDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

2 total gene-disease associations curated

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 1.00). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.
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ClinVar Variants
6 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 58 VUS of 100 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
10 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
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GeneReview available — SMARCB1
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Dual constrained — LoF & missense intolerant
LoF Constraint
0.22LOEUF
pLI 0.997
Z-score 4.10
OE 0.05 (0.010.22)
Highly constrained

Highly LoF-intolerant (top ~10% of genes)

Missense Constraint
3.60Z-score
OE missense 0.33 (0.270.40)
74 obs / 226.5 exp
Constrained

Highly missense-constrained (top ~0.1%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.05 (0.010.22)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.33 (0.270.40)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.05
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 1 / 21.6Missense obs/exp: 74 / 226.5Syn Z: -0.35
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveSMARCB1-related Coffin-Siris syndromeOTHERAD
definitiveSMARCB1-related schwannomatosisLOFAD
definitiveSMARCB1-related rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndromeLOFAD
DN
0.2698th %ile
GOF
0.3392th %ile
LOF
0.80top 5%

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (loss-of-function, gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to loss-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

LOFprediction above median · 1 literature citation · 50% of P/LP variants are LoF · LOEUF 0.22
GOF1 literature citation
DN1 literature citation

Literature Evidence

DNThe p.Arg37His PV in the DNA-binding domain of SMARCB1 causes a distinctive syndrome, likely through a gain-of-function or dominant-negative effect, which is characterized by severe ID and hydrocephalus resulting from choroid plexus hyperplasia.PMID:29907796
GOFAll the mutations in SMARCA4 and SMARCB1 in individuals with CSS were non-truncating (either missense or in-frame deletions), implying that they exert gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects (excluding haploinsufficiency as a cause).PMID:22426308
LOFTumors were found to have both constitutional and somatic mutations of the SMARCB1 gene and showed a mosaic pattern of loss of INI1 expression by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a tumor composition of mixed null and haploinsufficient cells.PMID:18422762

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

100 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic3
Likely Pathogenic3
VUS58
Likely Benign26
Conflicting1
3
Pathogenic
3
Likely Pathogenic
58
VUS
26
Likely Benign
1
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
3
0
0
0
3
Likely Pathogenic
0
2
1
0
3
VUS
1
52
4
1
58
Likely Benign
0
1
0
25
26
Benign
0
0
0
0
0
Conflicting
1
Total45552691

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

SMARCB1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Malignant Solid TumorsOther Neoplasms Solid TumorsPediatric Solid Tumor

Natural History and Biospecimen Acquisition for Children and Adults With Rare Solid Tumors

RECRUITING
NCT03739827National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2019-01-28
Solid Tumor MalignanciesClear Cell Endometrial CarcinomaOvarian Cancer

Efficacy and Safety of the Valemetostat in Patients With Selected Solid Tumors.

RECRUITING
NCT07303387Phase PHASE2Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand ParisStarted 2026-03-05
Valemetostat Tosylate
Metastatic Kidney Medullary CarcinomaMetastatic Renal Cell CarcinomaSMARCB1 Negative

Ixazomib, Gemcitabine, and Doxorubicin in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Kidney Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03587662Phase PHASE2M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterStarted 2018-08-17
DoxorubicinDoxorubicin HydrochlorideGemcitabine
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid TumorINI1 (SMARCB1)-Deficient Primary CNS Malignant TumorsSMARCA4-deficient Primary CNS Malignant Tumors

Tazemetostat+Nivo/Ipi in INI1-Neg/SMARCA4-Def Tumors

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05407441Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Susan Chi, MDStarted 2023-08-10
TazemetostatNivolumabIpilimumab
Advanced Malignant Solid NeoplasmAnn Arbor Stage III Non-Hodgkin LymphomaAnn Arbor Stage IV Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Targeted Therapy Directed by Genetic Testing in Treating Pediatric Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Solid Tumors, Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, or Histiocytic Disorders (The Pediatric MATCH Screening Trial)

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03155620Phase PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2017-07-31
Biopsy ProcedureBiospecimen CollectionBone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
SMARCB1-Deficient Malignancies

Phase II Trial of Ubamatamab Alone or in Combination With Cemiplimab in MUC16-Expressing SMARCB1-Deficient Malignancies

RECRUITING
NCT06444880Phase PHASE2M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterStarted 2024-10-09
UbamatamabCemiplimab
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors (AT/RTs)Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors

Feasibility of Using Bortezomib With or Without Chemotherapy in Patients With Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06853080Phase PHASE2Taipei Medical UniversityStarted 2020-12-02
Bortezomib
Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid TumorEpithelioid SarcomaKidney Medullary Carcinoma

Tiragolumab and Atezolizumab for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 Deficient Tumors

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05286801Phase PHASE1, PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2022-11-17
AtezolizumabBiospecimen CollectionComputed Tomography
Phase IISacituzumabTirumotecan

Phase II Trial of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan in Patients With SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07438626Phase PHASE2M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterStarted 2026-06-01
Sacituzumab tirumotecan
Sinonasal Carcinoma

Induction Chemotherapy and Tazemetostat for Locally Advanced SMARCB1-deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT05151588Phase PHASE2Dr. Victor H.F. LeeStarted 2023-09-01
DocetaxelCis Platinum5-FU
Clinical Literature
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