SLC4A4

Chr 4AR

solute carrier family 4 member 4

Also known as: HNBC1, KNBC, NBC1, NBC2, NBCe1, NBCe1-A, PRTAO, SLC4A5

This gene encodes an electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter that regulates bicarbonate transport across cell membranes and maintains intracellular pH. Mutations cause proximal renal tubular acidosis with ocular anomalies, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The gene is highly constrained against loss-of-function variants, indicating its critical importance for normal cellular function.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
LOFmechanismARLOEUF 0.271 OMIM phenotype
Clinical SummarySLC4A4
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 1.00). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.
📋
ClinVar Variants
36 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 217 VUS of 417 total submissions
📖
GeneReview available — SLC4A4
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Dual constrained — LoF & missense intolerant
LoF Constraint
0.27LOEUF
pLI 0.997
Z-score 5.49
OE 0.15 (0.080.27)
Highly constrained

Highly LoF-intolerant (top ~10% of genes)

Missense Constraint
3.14Z-score
OE missense 0.63 (0.580.69)
367 obs / 580.1 exp
Constrained

Highly missense-constrained (top ~0.1%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.15 (0.080.27)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.63 (0.580.69)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.99
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 7 / 48.1Missense obs/exp: 367 / 580.1Syn Z: 0.15

ClinVar Variant Classifications

417 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic25
Likely Pathogenic11
VUS217
Likely Benign98
Benign24
Conflicting19
25
Pathogenic
11
Likely Pathogenic
217
VUS
98
Likely Benign
24
Benign
19
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
4
2
19
0
25
Likely Pathogenic
6
4
1
0
11
VUS
1
152
55
9
217
Likely Benign
1
2
40
55
98
Benign
0
2
18
4
24
Conflicting
19
Total1216213368394

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

SLC4A4 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov →
Clinical Literature
Open Research Assistant →