SLC25A12

Chr 2AR

solute carrier family 25 member 12

Also known as: AGC1, ARALAR, DEE39, EIEE39

This gene encodes a calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein that exchanges aspartate for glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 39 through an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, with a predicted gain-of-function mechanism. The protein dysfunction may also result in global cerebral hypomyelination.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt, Mechanism
MultiplemechanismARLOEUF 0.421 OMIM phenotype
Clinical SummarySLC25A12
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
mitochondrial disease · ARModerate

Moderate evidence — consider for supplementary testing

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Constrained for loss-of-function variants (OE-LoF 0.24) despite low pLI — interpret in context.

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Moderate LoF intolerance
LoF Constraint
0.42LOEUF
pLI 0.216
Z-score 4.34
OE 0.24 (0.140.42)
Moderately constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint
2.71Z-score
OE missense 0.61 (0.540.68)
226 obs / 373.5 exp
Mild constraint

Moderately missense-constrained (top ~2.5%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.24 (0.140.42)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.61 (0.540.68)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.08
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 9 / 37.8Missense obs/exp: 226 / 373.5Syn Z: -0.72
DN
0.74top 25%
GOF
0.82top 10%
LOF
0.3164th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to gain-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

SLC25A12 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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