RFC5

Chr 12

replication factor C subunit 5

Also known as: RFC36

The RFC5 protein is the smallest subunit of the replication factor C complex, which loads proliferating cell nuclear antigen onto DNA during replication and is required for DNA synthesis by polymerases delta and epsilon. Mutations cause autosomal recessive Neurofibromatosis-like syndrome, characterized by café-au-lait spots, learning disabilities, and dysmorphic features. The gene shows low constraint to loss-of-function variation (pLI 0.0005, LOEUF 0.75), suggesting tolerance to reduced gene dosage.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, UniProt
DNmechanismLOEUF 0.75
Clinical SummaryRFC5
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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ClinVar Variants
8 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 54 VUS of 100 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
1 active or recruiting trial — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
0.75LOEUF
pLI 0.001
Z-score 2.42
OE 0.43 (0.260.75)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint
1.22Z-score
OE missense 0.75 (0.660.86)
145 obs / 192.8 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.43 (0.260.75)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.75 (0.660.86)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.89
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 9 / 20.9Missense obs/exp: 145 / 192.8Syn Z: 0.72
DN
0.78top 25%
GOF
0.4579th %ile
LOF
0.2873th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is dominant-negative.

DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

100 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic4
Likely Pathogenic4
VUS54
Likely Benign3
4
Pathogenic
4
Likely Pathogenic
54
VUS
3
Likely Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
1
3
0
4
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
4
0
4
VUS
1
51
2
0
54
Likely Benign
0
1
0
2
3
Benign
0
0
0
0
0
Total1539265

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

RFC5 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold
Clinical Literature
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