POLE

Chr 12ADAR

DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit

Also known as: CRCS12, FILS, IMAGEI, POLE1

The protein is the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon, which performs chromosomal DNA replication and has 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity that corrects replication errors. Mutations cause FILS syndrome (facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency, livedo, and short stature), IMAGE-I syndrome, and predisposition to colorectal cancer. The gene shows both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns and is highly constrained against loss-of-function variants.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
LOFmechanismAD/ARLOEUF 0.643 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummaryPOLE
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
POLE-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome · ADDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
0.64LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 4.94
OE 0.52 (0.420.64)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint
1.07Z-score
OE missense 0.92 (0.880.96)
1287 obs / 1399.1 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.52 (0.420.64)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.92 (0.880.96)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.05
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 64 / 123.1Missense obs/exp: 1287 / 1399.1Syn Z: -1.01
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
strongPOLE-related IMAGE syndrome with variable immunodeficiencyLOFAR
strongPOLE-related polymerase proofreading-associated polyposisOTHERAD
DN
0.6259th %ile
GOF
0.4085th %ile
LOF
0.3453th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is dominant-negative.

DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

POLE · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

BRCA1 Gene MutationBRCA2 Gene MutationLocally Advanced Solid Neoplasm

Pembrolizumab in Treating Participants With Metastatic, Recurrent or Locally Advanced Cancer and Genomic Instability

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03428802Phase PHASE2Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyStarted 2018-03-08
Laboratory Biomarker AnalysisPembrolizumab
Lymphoma, Non-HodgkinMultiple MyelomaAdvanced Solid Tumors

Canadian Profiling and Targeted Agent Utilization Trial (CAPTUR)

RECRUITING
NCT03297606Phase PHASE2Canadian Cancer Trials GroupStarted 2018-03-23
OlaparibDasatinibNivolumab plus Ipilimumab
Solid TumorAdvanced Solid TumorMetastatic Cancer

KPMNG Study of MOlecular Profiling Guided Therapy Based on Genomic Alterations in Advanced Solid Tumors II

RECRUITING
NCT05525858Seoul National University Bundang HospitalStarted 2022-09-28
AlectinibAtezolizumabErlotinib
Endometrial Neoplasms

MRI Radiomics Combined With Pathomics on the Prediction of Molecular Classification and Prognosis of Endometrial Cancer

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06126393Fujian Cancer HospitalStarted 2024-01-01
next generation sequencing AND Immunohistochemical examination
Polycythemia VeraEssential ThrombocythaemiaMyelofibrosis

Prevalence Of Germline Gene Mutations In Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms With Family History

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06923670Phase NAFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSStarted 2025-05-21
NGS testingNGS analysis for mutations in genes involved in familial predisposition to hematological malignancies
Endometrial Cancer, Endometrial Neoplasm

Precision Medicine Applied to the Study of Endometrial Cancer: Application of NGS for Molecular Classification

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07006103Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresStarted 2025-06
Aging

Study of the Evolution of the Expression of the LAMP-2 Protein During the Advance in Age

RECRUITING
NCT06357923Phase NACentre Hospitalier Universitaire de NiceStarted 2024-09-26
dosage
IGF1 Deficiency

Global Patient Registry to Monitor Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of Increlex® in Children and Adolescents With Severe Primary Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Deficiency (SPIGFD).

RECRUITING
NCT00903110Esteve Pharmaceuticals, S.A.Started 2008-12-09
Increlex®
BRCA1 MutationPOLD1 Gene MutationCDKN2A Mutation

An Intervention to Increase Genetic Testing in Families Who May Share a Gene Mutation Related to Cancer Risk and An Intervention to Help Patients and Their Primary Care Providers Stay Up-to-date About Uncertain Genetic Test Results

RECRUITING
NCT05420064Phase NAMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterStarted 2022-12-01
Intervention Arm At-risk Relative/ARR ContactsMyGene PortalStandard of Care
TumorsPOLE Exonuclease Domain MutationPOLD1 Gene Mutation

Cohort of Tumors With POLE/D1 Mutation

RECRUITING
NCT05103969Federation Francophone de Cancerologie DigestiveStarted 2021-10-05
Advanced Non-small Cell Lung CancerHER2 Mutation

A Study to Learn More About How Well Sevabertinib Works and How Safe it is Compared With Standard Treatment, in Participants Who Have Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) With Mutations of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)

RECRUITING
NCT06452277Phase PHASE3BayerStarted 2024-08-28
SevabertinibPembrolizumabCisplatin
Endometrial Cancer

Improving Endometrial Cancer Assessment by Combining Genomic Profiling and Surgical Assessment

RECRUITING
NCT06354738Phase NAUniversity Hospital, GasthuisbergStarted 2023-01-16
total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, lymph node staging and comprehensive peritoneal staging
Clinical Literature
Open Research Assistant →
Full-Text Mentions
NLP-detected gene mentions in article bodies · via PubTator3
PubTator3
Top 5 full-text resultsSearch PubTator3 ↗
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Top 5 results · since 2015Search PubMed ↗