POLA1

Chr XXLR

DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit

Also known as: NSX, PDR, POLA, VEODS, p180

The POLA1 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha, which initiates DNA synthesis during replication by extending short RNA primers before transfer to other polymerases for processive synthesis. Mutations cause X-linked recessive Van Esch-O'Driscoll syndrome and pigmentary disorder with systemic manifestations, affecting multiple organ systems including skin pigmentation. This gene is extremely intolerant to loss-of-function variants (pLI ~1.0, LOEUF 0.051), indicating that functional copies are critical for normal cellular function.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
LOFmechanismXLRLOEUF 0.052 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummaryPOLA1
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder · XLModerate

Moderate evidence — consider for supplementary testing

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 1.00). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

LoF intolerant — likely haploinsufficient
LoF Constraint
0.05LOEUF
pLI 1.000
Z-score 7.04
OE 0.00 (0.000.05)
Highly constrained

Among the most LoF-intolerant genes (~top 3%)

Missense Constraint
1.99Z-score
OE missense 0.75 (0.690.82)
384 obs / 510.9 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.00 (0.000.05)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.75 (0.690.82)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.09
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 0 / 57.7Missense obs/exp: 384 / 510.9Syn Z: -0.91
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitivePOLA1-related pigmentary disorder, reticulate, with systemic manifestationsLOFXLR
definitivePOLA1-related Van Esch-O'Driscoll syndromeLOFXLR
DN
0.2798th %ile
GOF
0.2298th %ile
LOF
0.72top 10%

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is loss-of-function (haploinsufficiency).

LOFprediction above median · LOEUF 0.05

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

POLA1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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Full-Text Mentions
NLP-detected gene mentions in article bodies · via PubTator3
PubTator3
Top 4 full-text resultsSearch PubTator3 ↗