PEG10

Chr 7

paternally expressed 10

Also known as: EDR, HB-1, MEF3L, Mar2, Mart2, RGAG3, RTL2, SIRH1

NCBI Gene: 23089 ENSG00000242265 UniProt: Q86TG7

This is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that is thought to have been derived from the Ty3/Gypsy family of retrotransposons. It contains two overlapping open reading frames, RF1 and RF2, and expresses two proteins: a shorter, gag-like protein (with a CCHC-type zinc finger domain) from RF1; and a longer, gag/pol-like fusion protein (with an additional aspartic protease motif) from RF1/RF2 by -1 translational frameshifting (-1 FS). While -1 FS has been observed in RNA viruses and transposons in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, this gene represents the first example of -1 FS in a eukaryotic cellular gene. This gene is highly conserved across mammalian species and retains the heptanucleotide (GGGAAAC) and pseudoknot elements required for -1 FS. It is expressed in adult and embryonic tissues (most notably in placenta) and reported to have a role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene has been associated with several malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Knockout mice lacking this gene showed early embryonic lethality with placental defects, indicating the importance of this gene in embryonic development. Additional isoforms resulting from alternatively spliced transcript variants, and use of upstream non-AUG (CUG) start codon have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

ClinVar variants

Pathogenic / LP

0.87

pLI score

Active trials

Clinical Summary— PEG10

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Population Constraint (gnomAD)

Moderately constrained gene (pLI 0.87) — some intolerance to loss-of-function variants.

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ClinVar Variants

17 Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 53 VUS of 74 total submissions

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD

Moderate LoF intolerance

LoF Constraint?LOEUF (Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper bound Fraction) is the upper bound of the 90% CI for LoF OE — the preferred gnomAD v4 metric. Lower = more intolerant to LoF. LOEUF < 0.35 = highly constrained.

0.43LOEUF

pLI 0.873

Z-score 2.81

OE 0.09 (0.03–0.43)

Moderately constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint?Missense Z-score: standard deviations fewer missense variants observed vs. expected. Z > 3.09 (p < 0.001) = gene does not tolerate missense variation. OE missense < 0.6 is also considered constrained.

2.08Z-score

OE missense 0.59 (0.51–0.69)

123 obs / 207.5 exp

Mild constraint

Moderately missense-constrained (top ~2.5%)

Observed / Expected Ratios?Shaded band = 90% confidence interval. Vertical tick = point estimate. Grey threshold line = gnomAD constraint cutoff for that variant class.

LoF OE?Ratio of observed to expected LoF variants. Upper CI bound (LOEUF) ≤ 0.35 = strong LoF constraint signal.0.09 (0.03–0.43)

0≤0.351.4

Missense OE?Ratio of observed to expected missense variants. OE ≤ 0.6 = fewer missense variants than expected by chance.0.59 (0.51–0.69)

0≤0.61.4

Synonymous OE?Control metric — synonymous variants are largely neutral and expected near OE = 1.0. Significant deviation may indicate annotation issues.0.81

0≤1.21.6

LoF obs/exp: 1 / 11.1Missense obs/exp: 123 / 207.5Syn Z: 1.34