OPTN

Chr 10ADAR

optineurin

Also known as: ALS12, FIP2, GLC1E, HIP7, HYPL, NRP, TFIIIA-INTP

Optineurin functions in membrane trafficking, vesicle trafficking, autophagy, and apoptosis regulation through interactions with RAB8, huntingtin, and transcription factors. Mutations cause autosomal dominant normal-tension glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 12 with or without frontotemporal dementia, as well as autosomal recessive forms of these conditions. The pathogenic mechanism involves disruption of cellular trafficking pathways and dysregulated apoptosis.

Summary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
Research Assistant →

Primary Disease Associations & Inheritance

{Glaucoma, normal tension, susceptibility to}MIM #606657
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 12 with or without frontotemporal dementiaMIM #613435
ADAR
Glaucoma 1, open angle, EMIM #137760
AD
UniProtGlaucoma, normal pressure
1
Active trials
220
Pubs (1 yr)
78
P/LP submissions
5%
P/LP missense
1.26
LOEUF
Multiple*
Mechanism· predicted
Clinical SummaryOPTN
🧬
Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 12 · SDDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

2 total gene-disease associations curated

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
📋
ClinVar Variants
60 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 171 VUS of 330 total submissions
💊
Clinical Trials
1 active or recruiting trial — potential therapeutic options may be available
📖
GeneReview available — OPTN
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
1.26LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 0.43
OE 0.92 (0.681.26)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint
0.62Z-score
OE missense 0.90 (0.810.99)
267 obs / 297.2 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.92 (0.681.26)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.90 (0.810.99)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.07
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 28 / 30.6Missense obs/exp: 267 / 297.2Syn Z: -0.60
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
limitedOPTN-related primary open angle glaucomaOTHERAD
DN
0.5378th %ile
GOF
0.5268th %ile
LOF
0.4331th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (loss-of-function and dominant-negative). The Badonyi & Marsh model scores dominant-negative highest among its predictions, but genomic evidence (constraint, ClinVar variant spectrum, and literature) most strongly supports loss-of-function (haploinsufficiency). Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

LOF1 literature citation · 38% of P/LP variants are LoF
DN1 literature citation

Literature Evidence

DNMutations in the ubiquitin-binding domain of OPTN/optineurin interfere with autophagy-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins by a dominant-negative mechanism.PMID:25484089
LOFWe report a patient with ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from the Clinical Research in ALS and Related Disorders for Therapeutic Development (CReATe) Consortium carrying compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in OPTN.PMID:29558868

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

330 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic37
Likely Pathogenic23
VUS171
Likely Benign76
Benign11
Conflicting11
37
Pathogenic
23
Likely Pathogenic
171
VUS
76
Likely Benign
11
Benign
11
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
9
2
26
0
37
Likely Pathogenic
14
1
8
0
23
VUS
2
142
25
2
171
Likely Benign
0
1
33
42
76
Benign
0
1
9
1
11
Conflicting
11
Total2514710145329

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

OPTN · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Literature
Open Research Assistant →
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Top 5 results · since 2015Search PubMed ↗