NF1

Chr 17ADSomatic

neurofibromin 1

Also known as: NFNS, VRNF, WSS

The protein functions as a negative regulator of the RAS signal transduction pathway. Mutations cause neurofibromatosis type 1 and related conditions including Watson syndrome, neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia through an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The pathogenic mechanism involves loss of function, leading to uncontrolled RAS signaling and subsequent tumor formation and developmental abnormalities.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt, Mechanism
LOFmechanismAD/SomaticLOEUF 0.296 OMIM phenotypes
VCEP Guidelines: NeurofibromatosesPilot
ClinGen Panel
Clinical SummaryNF1
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
familial ovarian cancer · ADNo Known Disease Relationship

No known disease relationship

2 total gene-disease associations curated

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 0.90). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Dual constrained — LoF & missense intolerant
LoF Constraint
0.29LOEUF
pLI 0.902
Z-score 8.73
OE 0.22 (0.160.29)
Highly constrained

Highly LoF-intolerant (top ~10% of genes)

Missense Constraint
6.54Z-score
OE missense 0.52 (0.490.55)
771 obs / 1479.1 exp
Constrained

Extremely missense-constrained (top ~0.01%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.22 (0.160.29)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.52 (0.490.55)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.94
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 31 / 144.2Missense obs/exp: 771 / 1479.1Syn Z: 1.12
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveNF1-related neurofibromatosisLOFAD
DN
0.4388th %ile
GOF
0.5269th %ile
LOF
0.66top 25%

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is loss-of-function (haploinsufficiency).

LOFprediction above median · 1 literature citation · LOEUF 0.29

Literature Evidence

LOFWhile defective osteoblast bone anabolism has been implicated as a central factor in the pathogenesis of NF1 associated skeletal deficits, recent data suggest that NF1 (Nf1) haploinsufficiency within the hematopoietic compartment, particularly in osteoclasts and myeloid progenitors, plays a pivotal PMID:26932441

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

NF1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Lymphoma, Non-HodgkinMultiple MyelomaAdvanced Solid Tumors

Canadian Profiling and Targeted Agent Utilization Trial (CAPTUR)

RECRUITING
NCT03297606Phase PHASE2Canadian Cancer Trials GroupStarted 2018-03-23
OlaparibDasatinibNivolumab plus Ipilimumab
NF2 Deficiency

Gene Therapy for Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) with ST002

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06834438Phase NACancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesStarted 2025-02-15
ST002
Polycythemia VeraEssential ThrombocythaemiaMyelofibrosis

Prevalence Of Germline Gene Mutations In Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms With Family History

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06923670Phase NAFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSStarted 2025-05-21
NGS testingNGS analysis for mutations in genes involved in familial predisposition to hematological malignancies
Malignant Solid Tumor

A Study Evaluating the Activity of Anti-cancer Treatments Targeting Tumor Molecular Alterations/Characteristics in Advanced / Metastatic Tumors.

RECRUITING
NCT04116541Phase PHASE2Centre Leon BerardStarted 2020-01-28
HDM201RibociclibCabozantinib
RAS MutationNeurofibromatosis 1Noonan Syndrome

RASopathy Biorepository

RECRUITING
NCT04395495Children's Hospital Medical Center, CincinnatiStarted 2017-06-27
Acute LeukemiaAdenomatous PolyposisAdrenocortical Carcinoma

Familial Investigations of Childhood Cancer Predisposition

RECRUITING
NCT03050268St. Jude Children's Research HospitalStarted 2017-04-06
Fallopian Tube Endometrioid AdenocarcinomaFallopian Tube High Grade Serous AdenocarcinomaOvarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma

Testing the Addition of Ipatasertib to the Usual Chemotherapy Treatment (Paclitaxel and Carboplatin) for Stage III or IV Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05276973Phase PHASE1National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2022-09-08
BiopsyCarboplatinIpatasertib
Advanced Malignant Solid NeoplasmMetastatic Malignant Solid NeoplasmNF1 Mutation Positive Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor

Testing Whether Cancers With Specific Mutations Respond Better to Glutaminase Inhibitor, Telaglenastat Hydrochloride, Anti-Cancer Treatment, BeGIN Study

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03872427Phase PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2019-12-14
Biospecimen CollectionComputed TomographyMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Acinar Cell CarcinomaAdenoid Cystic CarcinomaAdrenal Cortical Carcinoma

Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Rare Tumors

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT02834013Phase PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2017-01-30
Biospecimen CollectionComputed TomographyEchocardiography Test
Neurofibromatosis Type 1

PASS of Paediatric Patients Initiating Selumetinib

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05388370AstraZenecaStarted 2022-05-23
Invasive PreNatal Diagnosis in a Context of Family History of Single-gene Disorders, IncludingSickle Cell DiseaseCystic Fibrosis

Development of Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis for Single Gene Disorders

RECRUITING
NCT06147414Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisStarted 2024-10-23
Blood sample
Neurofibromatosis Type 1Neurofibromatosis 1Neurofibromatosis (Nonmalignant)

Natural History Study of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in People With NF1

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05581511Johns Hopkins UniversityStarted 2021-06-28
Evaluation of the natural history of cutaneous neurofibromas
Clinical Literature
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Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
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