NEFL

Chr 8ADAR

neurofilament light chain

Also known as: CMT1F, CMT2E, CMTDIG, NF-L, NF68, NFL, PPP1R110

The protein encodes the light chain of neurofilaments, which are intermediate filament heteropolymers that comprise the axoskeleton and maintain neuronal caliber. Mutations cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease types 1F, 2E, and dominant intermediate G through a dominant-negative mechanism, though autosomal recessive inheritance has also been reported. These are peripheral neuropathies characterized by progressive weakness and sensory loss in the hands and feet.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt, Mechanism
MultiplemechanismAD/AR3 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummaryNEFL
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 · ARDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

2 total gene-disease associations curated

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ClinVar Variants
97 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 243 VUS of 500 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
📖
GeneReview available — NEFL
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

Constraint data not available from gnomAD.

DN
0.82top 10%
GOF
0.73top 25%
LOF
0.3552th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). The Badonyi & Marsh model scores dominant-negative highest among its predictions, but genomic evidence (constraint, ClinVar variant spectrum, and literature) most strongly supports gain-of-function. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median · 1 literature citation
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Literature Evidence

GOFAbe et al. (2009) postulated that the nonsense mutation would result in loss of function, in contrast to missense mutations which result in toxic gain of function, and concluded that homozygous nonsense mutations in the NEFL gene cause a recessive disorder.PMID:19158810

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

500 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic85
Likely Pathogenic12
VUS243
Likely Benign107
Benign13
Conflicting24
85
Pathogenic
12
Likely Pathogenic
243
VUS
107
Likely Benign
13
Benign
24
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
15
4
66
0
85
Likely Pathogenic
4
7
1
0
12
VUS
3
214
23
3
243
Likely Benign
0
6
24
77
107
Benign
0
0
12
1
13
Conflicting
24
Total2223112681484

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

NEFL · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Friedreich Ataxia

A Natural History Study to TRACK Brain and Spinal Cord Changes in Individuals with Friedreich Ataxia (TRACK-FA)

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04349514Monash UniversityStarted 2021-02-10
Natural history
Frontotemporal Dementia

Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial of LY3884963 in Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia With Progranulin Mutations (FTD-GRN)

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04408625Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Prevail TherapeuticsStarted 2020-11-09
LY3884963MethylprednisoloneOptional Sirolimus
Hereditary Ataxia

Hereditary Ataxia Research on Multi-Omics and Neuroclinical Insights in the Yangtze Delta

RECRUITING
NCT07092358Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityStarted 2025-06-01
None of intervention
Alzheimer DiseaseMild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease Multinuclear Imaging Neuro-Enhanced Resolution (AD-MINER)

RECRUITING
NCT07089303Chinese PLA General HospitalStarted 2025-07-01
Huntington Disease

A Study to Evaluate AB-1001 Striatal Administration in Adults With Early Manifest Huntington's Disease

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05541627Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Brainvectis, a subsidiary of Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio)Started 2022-10-12
AB-1001 Gene Therapy
Alzheimer DiseaseMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD)

Biomarker-based Trial of NPC-1 for Alzheimer's Pathology

RECRUITING
NCT07236190Phase PHASE2Massachusetts General HospitalStarted 2026-04-01
natural product combination-1 (NPC1)
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)

Indole-3-PROpionic Acid Clinical Trials - Multiple Sclerosis

RECRUITING
NCT07318129Phase NAGlostrup University Hospital, CopenhagenStarted 2026-01-26
PlaceboIndole-3-propionic acid (IPA)
Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Safety, Tolerability and Exploratory Efficacy of EC5026 in Parkinson's Disease (STEP Study)

RECRUITING
NCT07142044Phase PHASE1, PHASE2EicOsis Human Health Inc.Started 2025-10
EC5026 oral tabletPlacebo
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis

Antibody-mediated NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: Symptoms, Biomarkers, and Mechanisms of the Prolonged Recovery Stage

RECRUITING
NCT06183788Phase NAFundacion Clinic per a la Recerca BiomédicaStarted 2023-01-16
Remote cognitive rehabilitation program
GM1 GangliosidosisGM1 Gangliosidosis, Type IGM1 Gangliosidosis, Type 2

Study of Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of PBGM01 in Pediatric Participants With GM1 Gangliosidosis

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04713475Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Gemma BiotherapeuticsStarted 2021-03-17
PBGM01
Huntington's Disease (HD)

Biology-Driven Cognitive Profiling in Huntington's Disease

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT07503743Fundació Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauStarted 2021-09-01
Post-Traumatic HeadacheConcussion, MildMTBI - Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

GAIN Symptoms: Post-traumatic Headache

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05857761Phase NAUniversity of AarhusStarted 2023-08-28
Active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)Sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
Clinical Literature
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