MTOR

Chr 1AD

mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase

This serine/threonine protein kinase functions within two complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) that regulate cellular metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and survival in response to nutrients and growth factors. Germline mutations cause Smith-Kingsmore syndrome through an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, while somatic mutations lead to focal cortical dysplasia type II. The pathogenic mechanism involves loss of function, disrupting the normal regulation of cell growth and metabolic pathways critical for proper brain development.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt, Mechanism
MultiplemechanismADLOEUF 0.182 OMIM phenotypes
VCEP Guidelines: Brain MalformationsReleased
View SpecificationsClinGen Panel
Clinical SummaryMTOR
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
overgrowth syndrome and/or cerebral malformations due to abnormalities in MTOR pathway genes · ADDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 1.00). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
Some data sources returned errors (1)

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Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Dual constrained — LoF & missense intolerant
LoF Constraint
0.18LOEUF
pLI 1.000
Z-score 9.95
OE 0.13 (0.090.18)
Highly constrained

Highly LoF-intolerant (top ~10% of genes)

Missense Constraint
7.02Z-score
OE missense 0.49 (0.460.52)
731 obs / 1494.9 exp
Constrained

Extremely missense-constrained (top ~0.01%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.13 (0.090.18)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.49 (0.460.52)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.96
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 19 / 150.8Missense obs/exp: 731 / 1494.9Syn Z: 0.76
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveMTOR-related Smith-Kingsmore syndromeOTHERAD
DN
0.4587th %ile
GOF
0.4973th %ile
LOF
0.67top 25%

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (loss-of-function and gain-of-function). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to loss-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

LOFprediction above median · LOEUF 0.18
GOF1 literature citation

Literature Evidence

GOFA novel de novo MTOR gain-of-function variant in a patient with Smith-Kingsmore syndrome and Antiphospholipid syndrome.PMID:31053780

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

MTOR · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Lymphoma, Non-HodgkinMultiple MyelomaAdvanced Solid Tumors

Canadian Profiling and Targeted Agent Utilization Trial (CAPTUR)

RECRUITING
NCT03297606Phase PHASE2Canadian Cancer Trials GroupStarted 2018-03-23
OlaparibDasatinibNivolumab plus Ipilimumab
Cowden's DiseaseCowden's SyndromeLhermitte-Duclos Disease

Double-Blind Trial of Everolimus for Improving Social Abilities in PTEN Germline Mutations

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07218575Phase PHASE2, PHASE3Boston Children's HospitalStarted 2026-04
Everolimus blinded oral capsulesPlacebo
AML (Acute Myelogenous Leukemia)

Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Immunosuppressive Microenvironment by combinedIDO1 Inhibition and PD-1 Blockade

RECRUITING
NCT06874257IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaStarted 2024-04-17
Laboratory tests and in vitro studies
Focal Cortical DysplasiaEpilepsy

Mos-FED (Mosaicism in Focal Epilepsy Cortical Dysplasia Tissue)

RECRUITING
NCT06053671Phase NAKing's College Hospital NHS TrustStarted 2023-04-09
Blood and nasal swab sampling
RAS MutationNeurofibromatosis 1Noonan Syndrome

RASopathy Biorepository

RECRUITING
NCT04395495Children's Hospital Medical Center, CincinnatiStarted 2017-06-27
Aging

Sex-Speciffic Longevity Food Supplements

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT07404449Phase PHASE1University of PrimorskaStarted 2026-03-07
compound food supplements - female specificcompound food supplements - male specificPlacebo
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Study of CT-01 as Monotherapy and Combination Therapy in Subjects With Intermediate or Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06994572Phase PHASE1Captor Therapeutics S.A.Started 2025-05-26
CT-01EVEROLIMUS
Bronchiolitis Obliterans SyndromeChronic Lung Allograft DysfunctionLung Transplantation

LAM-001 in Lung Transplant Recipients With Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome.

RECRUITING
NCT06018766Phase PHASE2Steven Hays, MDStarted 2023-08-17
LAM-001Placebo
Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia

Linperlisib in the Treatment of aPRCA

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07031115Phase PHASE2Peking Union Medical College HospitalStarted 2025-09-01
Linperlisib
Advanced CancerBreast CancerAdvanced Solid Tumors

First-in-Human Study of OKI-219 in Advanced Solid Tumors and Advanced Breast Cancer

RECRUITING
NCT06239467Phase PHASE1OnKure, Inc.Started 2024-02-26
OKI-219FulvestrantTrastuzumab
Chronic Kidney DiseasesMAFLD

Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Treatment Response of Oral Semaglutide.

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07391267Phase NAInstitute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, IndiaStarted 2026-02-01
Semaglutide Oral TabletPlaceboStandard medical treatment
Endometrial Cancer

Sapanisertib and Serabelisib (PIKTOR) With Paclitaxel and a Substudy With an Insulin-Suppressing Diet in Patients With Advanced/Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

RECRUITING
NCT06463028Phase PHASE2Faeth TherapeuticsStarted 2024-12-12
SapanisertibSerabelisibPaclitaxel
Clinical Literature
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Full-Text Mentions
NLP-detected gene mentions in article bodies · via PubTator3
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