This gene encodes the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA, which forms part of the small mitoribosomal subunit and is essential for translation of all mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins. Mutations cause non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity, with the m.1555A>G variant being particularly clinically significant as aminoglycoside exposure leads to irreversible hearing loss in carriers. Inheritance is maternal through the mitochondrial genome.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from Curated mito context
DNmechanism
Clinical SummaryMT-RNR1
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
mitochondrial disease · MTDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

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ClinVar Variants
3 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 15 VUS of 83 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
2 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
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GeneReview available — MT-RNR1
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
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Population Genetics & Constraint

Constraint data not available from gnomAD.

DN
0.6648th %ile
GOF
0.5366th %ile
LOF
0.2969th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is dominant-negative.

DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

83 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic2
Likely Pathogenic1
VUS15
Likely Benign39
Benign24
2
Pathogenic
1
Likely Pathogenic
15
VUS
39
Likely Benign
24
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories· variant type breakdown unavailable

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
2
Likely Pathogenic
1
VUS
15
Likely Benign
39
Benign
24
Total81

Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

MT-RNR1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold
Clinical Literature
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