MOSMO

Chr 16

modulator of smoothened

Also known as: ATTHOG, BC030336, C16orf52

The protein acts as a negative regulator of hedgehog signaling by promoting internalization and degradation of smoothened protein in the ciliary membrane, and participates in sonic hedgehog-induced spinal neural progenitor cell differentiation. Mutations cause mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by growth retardation, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and predisposition to cancer. The condition follows autosomal recessive inheritance.

GeneReviewsResearchSummary from UniProt
MultiplemechanismLOEUF 0.82
Clinical SummaryMOSMO
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Constrained for loss-of-function variants (OE-LoF 0.26) despite low pLI — interpret in context.
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ClinVar Variants
71 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 49 VUS of 134 total submissions
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GeneReview available — MOSMO
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
0.82LOEUF
pLI 0.259
Z-score 1.89
OE 0.26 (0.110.82)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint
1.43Z-score
OE missense 0.54 (0.420.70)
42 obs / 77.3 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.26 (0.110.82)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.54 (0.420.70)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.83
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 2 / 7.7Missense obs/exp: 42 / 77.3Syn Z: 0.74
DN
0.6550th %ile
GOF
0.75top 25%
LOF
0.3260th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to gain-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

134 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic55
Likely Pathogenic16
VUS49
Likely Benign4
Benign1
Conflicting4
55
Pathogenic
16
Likely Pathogenic
49
VUS
4
Likely Benign
1
Benign
4
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories· variant type breakdown unavailable

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
55
Likely Pathogenic
16
VUS
49
Likely Benign
4
Benign
1
Conflicting
4
Total129

Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

MOSMO · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

Search ClinicalTrials.gov →
Clinical Literature
Open Research Assistant →
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Top 2 results · since 2015Search PubMed ↗
Recent Gene-Specific Literature
Gene in title · MEDLINE · newest first
Europe PMC
Mosmo Is Required for Zebrafish Craniofacial Formation.
Camacho-Macorra C et al.·Front Cell Dev Biol
2021Open AccessFunctional