MET

Chr 7ADAR

MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase

Also known as: AUTS9, DA11, DFNB97, HGFR, RCCP2, c-Met

The MET protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds hepatocyte growth factor and regulates cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and morphogenesis during embryonic development and tissue repair. Mutations cause childhood hepatocellular carcinoma, familial renal cell carcinoma, distal arthrogryposis type 11, and autosomal recessive deafness, with both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. This gene is highly constrained against loss-of-function mutations, indicating that such variants are likely to be pathogenic when they occur.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
GOFmechanismAD/ARLOEUF 0.305 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummaryMET
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
papillary renal cell carcinoma · ADDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

3 total gene-disease associations curated

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 0.97). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.
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ClinVar Variants
4 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 135 VUS of 300 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
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GeneReview available — MET
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

LoF intolerant — likely haploinsufficient
LoF Constraint
0.30LOEUF
pLI 0.970
Z-score 6.01
OE 0.19 (0.120.30)
Highly constrained

Highly LoF-intolerant (top ~10% of genes)

Missense Constraint
1.92Z-score
OE missense 0.80 (0.750.86)
600 obs / 747.5 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.19 (0.120.30)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.80 (0.750.86)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.01
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 12 / 63.8Missense obs/exp: 600 / 747.5Syn Z: -0.17
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveMET-related renal cell carcinoma, papillaryGOFAD
DN
0.5280th %ile
GOF
0.5759th %ile
LOF
0.53top 25%

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (loss-of-function, gain-of-function and dominant-negative). The Badonyi & Marsh model scores gain-of-function highest among its predictions, but genomic evidence (constraint, ClinVar variant spectrum, and literature) most strongly supports loss-of-function (haploinsufficiency). Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

LOFLOEUF 0.30
GOF1 literature citation
DN1 literature citation

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Literature Evidence

DNPhosphorylation assays of MET and its downstream targets AKT and ERK confirmed the dominant negative effect.PMID:27789707
GOFRESULTS: Six hundred thirty-two MET mutations were identified including 199 CNG, 117 exon 14 skipping, 12 GOF mutations, and 2 actionable fusions.PMID:35860830

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

300 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic4
VUS135
Likely Benign136
Benign3
Conflicting22
4
Pathogenic
135
VUS
136
Likely Benign
3
Benign
22
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
4
0
4
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
0
0
0
VUS
6
124
4
1
135
Likely Benign
3
0
34
99
136
Benign
0
0
3
0
3
Conflicting
22
Total912445100300

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

MET · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

PrediabetesType 2 DiabetesObesity &Amp; Overweight

Precise Eating Time to Improve Glycemic Control and Cardiometabolic Health in Prediabetes and Diabetes

RECRUITING
NCT07171281Phase NAGerman Institute of Human NutritionStarted 2025-09-19
Early Time-Restricted EatingLate Time-Restricted Eating
Cystic Fibrosis-related DiabetesCystic Fibrosis

Metformin for People With CFRD on CFTR Modulator Therapy to Improve Ion Channel Function

RECRUITING
NCT04530383Phase PHASE2University of Kansas Medical CenterStarted 2022-02-14
Metformin Hydrochloride
Pregnancy RelatedPregnancy ComplicationsPregnancy, High Risk

Resources, Inspiration, Support and Empowerment (RISE) for Black Pregnant Women

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05552053Phase PHASE2, PHASE3Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterStarted 2023-06-01
MWSH plus Candlelit CareMWSH
Hairy Cell Leukemia

Binimetinib for People With Relapsed/Refractory BRAF Wild Type Hairy Cell Leukemia and Variant

RECRUITING
NCT04322383Phase PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2021-01-07
binimetinib
Systemic Lupus ErythematosusCAR-T Cell Therapy

Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-CD19 CAR-T Cells in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06222853Phase PHASE1The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineStarted 2024-02-10
anti-CD19-CAR-T cells
LymphomaLymphoma, B-CellImmune System Diseases

Anti-CD19 CAR-T Cells With Inducible Caspase 9 Safety Switch for B-cell Lymphoma

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03696784Phase PHASE1UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterStarted 2019-03-12
iC9-CAR19 T cellsBendamustineFludarabine
Gastric CancerEsophagogastric Junction Disorder

Savolitinib for Treating Gastric Cancer and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma Patients

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04923932Phase PHASE2Hutchison Medipharma LimitedStarted 2021-07-27
Savolitinib
Li-Fraumeni SyndromeLi-Fraumeni-Like Syndrome

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome/TP53 Biobank

RECRUITING
NCT04367246Abramson Cancer Center at Penn MedicineStarted 2019-09-24
No Intervention
Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaPDAC

A Prospective Registry for Patients at High-Risk for Pancreatic Cancer

RECRUITING
NCT06151223Mayo ClinicStarted 2021-07-13
Bio-specimen Collection: BloodBio-specimen Collection: Pancreatic JuiceMRI
Type 2 Diabetes

A Feasibility Study of Optimal Non-Pharmacological Lifestyle Modifications in People With Type 2 Diabetes

RECRUITING
NCT07262788Phase NASteno Diabetes Center CopenhagenStarted 2025-09-30
CH-rich diet with exerciseCH-reduced diet with exercise
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Open-Label, Randomised, Multi-Drug, Biomarker-Directed, Phase 1b Study in Pts w/ Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT02546661Phase PHASE1AstraZenecaStarted 2016-12-28
AZD4547MEDI4736Olaparib
Metastatic Solid TumorBRCA1 MutationBRCA2 Mutation

Combination Therapy in Cancers With Mutations in DNA Repair Genes

RECRUITING
NCT05694715Phase PHASE1University of California, San FranciscoStarted 2023-05-23
NiraparibIrinotecan
Clinical Literature
Open Research Assistant →
Full-Text Mentions
NLP-detected gene mentions in article bodies · via PubTator3
PubTator3
Top 5 full-text resultsSearch PubTator3 ↗