LGALS1

Chr 22

galectin 1

Also known as: GAL1, GBP

NCBI Gene: 3956ENSG00000100097UniProt: P09382

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. This gene product may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

53
ClinVar variants
19
Pathogenic / LP
0.00
pLI score
4
Active trials
Clinical Summary— LGALS1
⚡
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
📋
ClinVar Variants
19 Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 20 VUS of 53 total submissions
💊
Clinical Trials
4 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD
Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint?LOEUF (Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper bound Fraction) is the upper bound of the 90% CI for LoF OE — the preferred gnomAD v4 metric. Lower = more intolerant to LoF. LOEUF < 0.35 = highly constrained.
1.54LOEUF
pLI 0.004
Z-score 0.67
OE 0.70 (0.34–1.54)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint?Missense Z-score: standard deviations fewer missense variants observed vs. expected. Z > 3.09 (p < 0.001) = gene does not tolerate missense variation. OE missense < 0.6 is also considered constrained.
0.45Z-score
OE missense 0.86 (0.71–1.05)
73 obs / 84.8 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios?Shaded band = 90% confidence interval. Vertical tick = point estimate. Grey threshold line = gnomAD constraint cutoff for that variant class.
LoF OE?Ratio of observed to expected LoF variants. Upper CI bound (LOEUF) ≤ 0.35 = strong LoF constraint signal.0.70 (0.34–1.54)
0≤0.351.4
Missense OE?Ratio of observed to expected missense variants. OE ≤ 0.6 = fewer missense variants than expected by chance.0.86 (0.71–1.05)
0≤0.61.4
Synonymous OE?Control metric — synonymous variants are largely neutral and expected near OE = 1.0. Significant deviation may indicate annotation issues.0.96
0≤1.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 4 / 5.7Missense obs/exp: 73 / 84.8Syn Z: 0.17

ClinVar Variant Classifications

53 submitted variants in ClinVar

ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic18
Likely Pathogenic1
VUS20
Likely Benign1
Conflicting1
18
Pathogenic
1
Likely Pathogenic
20
VUS
1
Likely Benign
1
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
18
0
18
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
1
0
1
VUS
0
18
2
0
20
Likely Benign
0
1
0
0
1
Benign
0
0
0
0
0
Conflicting
—1
Total01921041

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

LGALS1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

OMIM — Genotype-Phenotype Relationships

1 OMIM entry

OMIM
Clinical Literature
Landmark / reviewRecent case evidence
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
A novel LGALS1-depended and immune-associated fatty acid metabolism risk model in acute myeloid leukemia stem cells.
Qin H et al.·Cell Death Dis
2024Functional
Targeting Galectin-1 Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Zhou L et al.·Cancer Res
2024
A novel tRNA-derived fragment tRF-3022b modulates cell apoptosis and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to cytokines in colorectal cancer.
Lu S et al.·J Hematol Oncol
2022
Single-cell analysis defines LGALS1+ fibroblasts that promote proliferation and migration of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Cao Q et al.·J Mol Cell Biol
2024
Identification of prostate cancer bone metastasis related genes and potential therapy targets by bioinformatics and in vitro experiments.
Jiang H et al.·J Cell Mol Med
2024
Biomarker screen for efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in patient-derived pancreatic cancer cultures.
Schäfer TE et al.·EBioMedicine
2024
Association between abnormal expression and methylation of LGALS1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Cai Z et al.·Brain Res
2022
Lactylation modulation identifies key biomarkers and therapeutic targets in KMT2A-rearranged AML.
Liu D et al.·Sci Rep
2025
Role of Galectins in Multiple Myeloma.
Storti P et al.·Int J Mol Sci
2017Review
Identification of IGFBP3 and LGALS1 as potential secreted biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.
Seubwai W et al.·Adv Clin Exp Med
2025
Top 10 resultsSearch PubMed ↗
Recent Gene-Specific Literature
Gene in title · MEDLINE · newest first
Europe PMC
Top 5 resultsSearch Europe PMC ↗

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov
ObesityType 2 Diabetes

Adaptive Mechanisms In GRown up ObeSity Study (AMIGROS)

RECRUITING
NCT06065930Vastra Gotaland RegionStarted 2023-05-05
Subcutaneous microdialysis
Knee Osteoarthritis

Dietary Supplementation With Blueberry in OA

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05784545Phase NAUniversity of ExeterStarted 2023-05-22
Blueberry powder supplementMaltodextrin supplementation
Von Willebrand DiseasesGlanzmann Thrombasthenia

Videomicroscopy for the Prediction of Bleeding in Constitutional Haemorrhagic Diseases

RECRUITING
NCT04119908Phase NAUniversity Hospital, LilleStarted 2023-05-24
Sublingual videomicroscopyblood sample
Recurrent Classic Hodgkin LymphomaRefractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma

Brentuximab Vedotin and Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT01896999Phase PHASE1, PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2014-03-07
Biopsy ProcedureBiospecimen CollectionBrentuximab Vedotin

External Resources

Links to major genomics databases and tools