LGALS1

Chr 22

galectin 1

Also known as: GAL1, GBP

Galectin-1 is a lectin that binds beta-galactoside and complex carbohydrates, regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation, and T-cell immune responses. Biallelic mutations cause autosomal recessive facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy with early childhood onset affecting facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles. The gene shows low constraint to loss-of-function variants, consistent with recessive inheritance requiring mutations in both copies.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, UniProt
DNmechanismLOEUF 1.54
Clinical SummaryLGALS1
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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ClinVar Variants
19 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 21 VUS of 54 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
4 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
1.54LOEUF
pLI 0.004
Z-score 0.67
OE 0.70 (0.341.54)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint
0.45Z-score
OE missense 0.86 (0.711.05)
73 obs / 84.8 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.70 (0.341.54)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.86 (0.711.05)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.96
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 4 / 5.7Missense obs/exp: 73 / 84.8Syn Z: 0.17
DN
0.75top 25%
GOF
0.5268th %ile
LOF
0.2386th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is dominant-negative.

DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

54 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic18
Likely Pathogenic1
VUS21
Likely Benign1
Conflicting1
18
Pathogenic
1
Likely Pathogenic
21
VUS
1
Likely Benign
1
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
18
0
18
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
1
0
1
VUS
0
19
2
0
21
Likely Benign
0
1
0
0
1
Benign
0
0
0
0
0
Conflicting
1
Total02021042

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

LGALS1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold
Clinical Literature
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