IL32

Chr 16

interleukin 32

Also known as: IL-32alpha, IL-32beta, IL-32delta, IL-32gamma, NK4, TAIF, TAIFa, TAIFb

NCBI Gene: 9235ENSG00000008517UniProt: P24001

This gene encodes a member of the cytokine family. The protein contains a tyrosine sulfation site, 3 potential N-myristoylation sites, multiple putative phosphorylation sites, and an RGD cell-attachment sequence. Expression of this protein is increased after the activation of T-cells by mitogens or the activation of NK cells by IL-2. This protein induces the production of TNFalpha from macrophage cells. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

120
ClinVar variants
35
Pathogenic / LP
0.00
pLI score
1
Active trials
Clinical Summary— IL32
⚡
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
📋
ClinVar Variants
35 Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 70 VUS of 120 total submissions
💊
Clinical Trials
1 active or recruiting trial — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD
Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint?LOEUF (Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper bound Fraction) is the upper bound of the 90% CI for LoF OE — the preferred gnomAD v4 metric. Lower = more intolerant to LoF. LOEUF < 0.35 = highly constrained.
1.92LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score -1.11
OE 1.43 (0.88–1.92)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint?Missense Z-score: standard deviations fewer missense variants observed vs. expected. Z > 3.09 (p < 0.001) = gene does not tolerate missense variation. OE missense < 0.6 is also considered constrained.
-2.35Z-score
OE missense 1.66 (1.47–1.88)
165 obs / 99.2 exp
Tolerant

Tolerant to missense variation

Observed / Expected Ratios?Shaded band = 90% confidence interval. Vertical tick = point estimate. Grey threshold line = gnomAD constraint cutoff for that variant class.
LoF OE?Ratio of observed to expected LoF variants. Upper CI bound (LOEUF) ≤ 0.35 = strong LoF constraint signal.1.43 (0.88–1.92)
0≤0.351.4
Missense OE?Ratio of observed to expected missense variants. OE ≤ 0.6 = fewer missense variants than expected by chance.1.66 (1.47–1.88)
0≤0.61.4
Synonymous OE?Control metric — synonymous variants are largely neutral and expected near OE = 1.0. Significant deviation may indicate annotation issues.1.56
0≤1.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 11 / 7.7Missense obs/exp: 165 / 99.2Syn Z: -2.70

ClinVar Variant Classifications

120 submitted variants in ClinVar

ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic35
VUS70
Likely Benign7
Benign8
35
Pathogenic
70
VUS
7
Likely Benign
8
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
35
0
35
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
0
0
0
VUS
0
55
15
0
70
Likely Benign
1
2
3
1
7
Benign
0
5
1
2
8
Total162543120

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

IL32 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

OMIM — Genotype-Phenotype Relationships

1 OMIM entry

OMIM
INTERLEUKIN 32; IL32
MIM #606001 · *
Clinical Literature
Landmark / reviewRecent case evidence
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Alopecia Areata: Current Treatments and New Directions.
Dahabreh D et al.·Am J Clin Dermatol
2023Review
IL32: The multifaceted and unconventional cytokine.
Gautam A et al.·Hum Immunol
2021Review
IL32 downregulation lowers triglycerides and type I collagen in di-lineage human primary liver organoids.
Sasidharan K et al.·Cell Rep Med
2024
Pericytes Modulate Third-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity in EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer Cells Through IL32-β5-Integrin Paracrine Signaling.
Huang C et al.·Adv Sci (Weinh)
2024
Advancing personalized, predictive, and preventive medicine in bladder cancer: a multi-omics and machine learning approach for novel prognostic modeling, immune profiling, and therapeutic target discovery.
Yan H et al.·Front Immunol
2025Functional
Protein Expression and Genetic Variation of IL32 and Association with Colorectal Cancer in Swedish Patients.
Shamoun L et al.·Anticancer Res
2018Cohort
The CTSZ-TRA2A-IL32 axis defines a targetable macrophage-dependent pathway in metastatic prostate cancer.
Chen S et al.·J Transl Med
2025
Psoriatic arthritis subtypes are phenocopied in humanized mice.
Ritchlin CT et al.·JCI Insight
2024
Enhanced Expression of IL32 mRNA in Skeletal Muscles in the Context of Head and Neck Carcinomas.
Baïche I et al.·J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
2026
A novel genetic association of IL32 with tuberculosis.
Gautam A et al.·Cytokine
2024
Top 10 resultsSearch PubMed ↗
Recent Gene-Specific Literature
Gene in title · MEDLINE · newest first
Europe PMC
Top 5 resultsSearch Europe PMC ↗

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov
Healthy Population

Italian Digital Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Study

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05339841Phase NACentro Cardiologico MonzinoStarted 2022-06-10
Mobile health application

External Resources

Links to major genomics databases and tools