IL15

Chr 4

interleukin 15

Also known as: IL-15

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities. They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between this cytokine and IL2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchGenerating clinical summary…

Clinical highlights

Interpreting a novel variant
This gene is strongly intolerant of loss-of-function variation in the population, so LoF variants warrant close attention. No curated mechanism annotation is available — see the mechanism card for the computational prediction and its caveats.Based on population constraint only.
12
Active trials
124
Pubs (1 yr)
P/LP submissions
P/LP missense
0.57
LOEUF
Mechanism
📖
GeneReview available — IL15
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
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Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Moderate LoF intolerance
LoF Constraint?
0.57LOEUF
pLI 0.709
Z-score 2.36
OE 0.12 (0.040.57)
Moderately constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint?
0.07Z-score
OE missense 0.98 (0.811.18)
79 obs / 80.9 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios?
LoF OE?0.12 (0.040.57)
00.351.4
Missense OE?0.98 (0.811.18)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE?0.74
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 1 / 8.4Missense obs/exp: 79 / 80.9Syn Z: 1.08

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

IL15 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Generalized Myasthenia Gravis (gMG)

An Early Exploratory Clinical Study of GC012F Injection in the Treatment of Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06759948Phase PHASE1Chongbo ZhaoStarted 2025-02-15
GC012F injection
EndometriosisAdenomyosis

Pain in Endometriosis And the Relation to Lifestyle

RECRUITING
NCT06332560Phase NARadboud University Medical CenterStarted 2024-10-04
Anti-inflammatory diet (DI)Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
HIV/AIDS

Reducing HIV Persistence in Lymph Nodes by Interleukin-15 (IL-15) Receptor Super-agonist (N-803) in Acute HIV Infection

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04505501Phase PHASE2Thai Red Cross AIDS Research CentreStarted 2021-03-01
N-803
Advanced Solid Tumors

A Study of ASKG915 in Patients With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors.

RECRUITING
NCT05867420Phase PHASE1, PHASE2AskGene Pharma, Inc.Started 2023-08-02
ASKG915Paclitaxel + BevacizumabFruquintinib
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)Lupus Nephritis (LN)

BCMA-CD19 cCAR T for the Treatment of Refractory Lupus

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07328581Phase PHASE1, PHASE2iCell Gene TherapeuticsStarted 2026-01
ICG318, BCMA-CD19-IL-15/IL-15 sushi Compound CAR T following cyclophosphamide-only lymphodepletion
Neuroblastoma

GD2 Specific CAR and Interleukin-15 Expressing Autologous NKT Cells to Treat Children With Neuroblastoma

RECRUITING
NCT03294954Phase PHASE1Baylor College of MedicineStarted 2018-01-18
GINAKIT CellsGINAKIT cells + Etanercept
Healthy AdultsHigh AltitudeIsolation, Social

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) and Gut Microbiota, Immune System in Antarctica

ENROLLING BY INVITATION
NCT06133530Phase NAIU University of Applied SciencesStarted 2023-09-24
Human milk oligosaccharidesMaltose
Systemic Histiocytosis (Disorder)

Biomarkers in Systemic Histiocytosis

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07157683Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisStarted 2025-10-01
Biospecimen collection
Physiological AdaptationsSport PerformanceAerobic Capacity

Molecular Hydrogen Inhalation: Effects on Health, Exercise Capacity and Inflammatory Response - in Vivo/in Vitro Studies

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07130942Phase NAGdansk University of Physical Education and SportStarted 2025-10-01
Inhalation using a molecular hydrogen generator
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Anti-CD33-CLL1 CAR-T Cells (ICG415) for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

RECRUITING
NCT07668557Phase PHASE1iCell Gene TherapeuticsStarted 2026-06-10
Anti-CD33-CLL1 CAR-T cells (ICG415) following lymphodepleting fludarabine and cyclophosphamide
Recurrent Glioblastoma

Tris-CAR-T Cell Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma

RECRUITING
NCT05577091Phase PHASE1Beijing Tiantan HospitalStarted 2023-09-30
Inverse correlated dual-target, truncated IL7Ra modified CAR -expressing autologous T-lymphocytes.
Solid Tumor (Excluding CNS)Hepatocellular CarcinomaLiver Cell Carcinoma

Cytokine Armored GPC3 Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressing T-cells in Adults With Solid Tumors

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07224568Phase PHASE1Seattle Children's HospitalStarted 2026-04-01
SC-CAR.GPC3xIL15.21 CAR T cells