HYLS1

Chr 11AR

HYLS1 centriolar and ciliogenesis associated

Also known as: HLS

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein involved in ciliogenesis, the process of forming cellular cilia that are essential for normal development and cellular signaling. Mutations cause hydrolethalus syndrome, a severe autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by lethal congenital malformations. The gene shows low constraint against loss-of-function variants (pLI near zero), which is consistent with its recessive inheritance pattern where heterozygous carriers are typically unaffected.

Summary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
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Primary Disease Associations & Inheritance

Hydrolethalus syndromeMIM #236680
AR
1
Active trials
1
Pubs (1 yr)
111
P/LP submissions
6%
P/LP missense
1.43
LOEUF
Multiple*
Mechanism· predicted
Clinical SummaryHYLS1
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
hydrolethalus syndrome · ARModerate

Moderate evidence — consider for supplementary testing

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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ClinVar Variants
89 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 186 VUS of 466 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
1 active or recruiting trial — potential therapeutic options may be available
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GeneReview available — HYLS1
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
1.43LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 0.30
OE 0.92 (0.601.43)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint
0.18Z-score
OE missense 0.96 (0.841.10)
161 obs / 167.4 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.92 (0.601.43)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.96 (0.841.10)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.98
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 14 / 15.3Missense obs/exp: 161 / 167.4Syn Z: 0.15
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveHYLS1-related hydrolethalus syndromeOTHERAR

Predictions shown for reference only — model trained on dominant genes, not applicable to AR conditions.

DN
0.6649th %ile
GOF
0.74top 25%
LOF
0.3842th %ile

The Badonyi & Marsh prediction model was trained exclusively on dominant disease genes. Predictions are not reliable for genes with autosomal recessive inheritance and are shown at reduced opacity for reference only.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

466 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic68
Likely Pathogenic21
VUS186
Likely Benign162
Benign16
Conflicting5
68
Pathogenic
21
Likely Pathogenic
186
VUS
162
Likely Benign
16
Benign
5
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
2
3
63
0
68
Likely Pathogenic
8
2
11
0
21
VUS
3
158
23
2
186
Likely Benign
0
8
5
149
162
Benign
0
8
5
3
16
Conflicting
5
Total13179107154458

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

HYLS1 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Literature
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