GAPDH

Chr 12

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Also known as: G3PD, GAPD, HEL-S-162eP

The protein catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate in glycolysis and serves multiple additional cellular functions including cytoskeletal organization, translation regulation, and innate immune signaling. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, leptodactylic type, and severe combined immunodeficiency with hypereosinophilia. The gene shows moderate constraint against loss-of-function variants, suggesting some tolerance for certain types of mutations.

Summary from RefSeq, UniProt
Research Assistant →
12
Active trials
604
Pubs (1 yr)
46
P/LP submissions
0%
P/LP missense
0.67
LOEUF
GOF
Mechanism· predicted
Clinical SummaryGAPDH
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Constrained for loss-of-function variants (OE-LoF 0.29) despite low pLI — interpret in context.
📋
ClinVar Variants
45 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 19 VUS of 95 total submissions
💊
Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
0.67LOEUF
pLI 0.114
Z-score 2.43
OE 0.29 (0.140.67)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint
1.81Z-score
OE missense 0.64 (0.560.74)
130 obs / 202.6 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.29 (0.140.67)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.64 (0.560.74)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.51
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 4 / 13.7Missense obs/exp: 130 / 202.6Syn Z: -3.60
DN
0.6163th %ile
GOF
0.72top 25%
LOF
0.4233th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is gain-of-function.

GOFprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

95 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic43
Likely Pathogenic2
VUS19
Likely Benign1
Benign1
43
Pathogenic
2
Likely Pathogenic
19
VUS
1
Likely Benign
1
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
1
0
42
0
43
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
2
0
2
VUS
0
10
9
0
19
Likely Benign
0
0
0
1
1
Benign
0
0
1
0
1
Total11054166

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

GAPDH · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

COPD

Immuno-inflammatory Response of Erdosteine in COPD

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07329946Phase NAPierachille Santus, MD, PhDStarted 2026-02-28
ErdosteineStandard of Care (SOC)
Cushing Syndrome

Cushing's Syndrome Before and After Treatment (CORRECT)

RECRUITING
NCT05521529University of AarhusStarted 2023-02-16
no intervention, as this is an observational study
AsthmaHealthy

Air Pollution, Asthma and Circadian Clocks

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03406351University of PennsylvaniaStarted 2018-01-15
Observational
Multiple Sclerosis

The Regulatory Role of miRNA 27 Follistatin Like Protein-1 Gene in Multiple Scelerosis

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06290453Assiut UniversityStarted 2024-03
micro RNA 27- FLP1 gene expressionThe Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)Electrophysiological assessment:
Rhematoid Arthritis

Evaluation of CCR6 Gene Expression and Circulating CCL20 Levels as Potential Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07397741Sohag UniversityStarted 2026-03-01
Gene expression by quantitative Real Time PCR
Physiological AdaptationsSport PerformanceAerobic Capacity

Molecular Hydrogen Inhalation: Effects on Health, Exercise Capacity and Inflammatory Response - in Vivo/in Vitro Studies

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07130942Phase NAGdansk University of Physical Education and SportStarted 2025-10-01
Inhalation using a molecular hydrogen generator
Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Chemotherapy Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Patients

RECRUITING
NCT06491082Swami Rama Himalayan UniversityStarted 2022-11-23
Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, Docetaxel
Transplantation InfectionKidney Diseases

Molecular Biological and Moleculargenetic Monitoring of Therapy After Kidney Transplantation

RECRUITING
NCT01515605Odense University HospitalStarted 2011-01-01
Gene Expression ProfilingOrthodentic Appliances

Genes Associated With Bone Metabolism in the Saliva During Orthodontic Treatment

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT07303647Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical SpecialtiesStarted 2025-10-12
PCR
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

Observe Change in Nasal Swab DRD2 Gene Expression in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Patients on Prolonged Dopamine Agonist Treatment

RECRUITING
NCT06726785HBC Immunology IncStarted 2025-07-01
Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Hippotherapy in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy

RECRUITING
NCT05341453Phase NACharles University, Czech RepublicStarted 2022-04-22
Individual physiotherapy (SMA-SOC)HippotherapyTherapeutic grooming
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseNon-Alcoholic SteatohepatitisAlcohol-related Liver Disease

CHronic Hepatopathies Associated with ALcohol Consumption and MetAbolic Syndrome

RECRUITING
NCT05623150Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, FranceStarted 2022-12-06
Liver biopsy
Clinical Literature
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