GAPDH

Chr 12

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Also known as: G3PD, GAPD, HEL-S-162eP

This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The product of this gene catalyzes an important energy-yielding step in carbohydrate metabolism, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the presence of inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The encoded protein has additionally been identified to have uracil DNA glycosylase activity in the nucleus. Also, this protein contains a peptide that has antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Studies of a similar protein in mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are present in the human genome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

ResearchGenerating clinical summary…

Clinical highlights

Interpreting a novel variant
This gene is strongly intolerant of loss-of-function variation in the population, so LoF variants warrant close attention. No curated mechanism annotation is available — see the mechanism card for the computational prediction and its caveats.Based on population constraint only.
12
Active trials
869
Pubs (1 yr)
P/LP submissions
P/LP missense
0.67
LOEUF
GOF
Mechanism· predicted
Some data sources returned errors (1)

omim: Error: OMIM fetch failed: 429

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint?
0.67LOEUF
pLI 0.114
Z-score 2.43
OE 0.29 (0.140.67)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint?
1.81Z-score
OE missense 0.64 (0.560.74)
130 obs / 202.6 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios?
LoF OE?0.29 (0.140.67)
00.351.4
Missense OE?0.64 (0.560.74)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE?1.51
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 4 / 13.7Missense obs/exp: 130 / 202.6Syn Z: -3.60

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

GAPDH · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

NASH - Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of SNP-610 for the Treatment of Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT03468556Phase PHASE2Sinew Pharma Inc.Started 2026-04-01
SNP-610Placebo Oral Tablet
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseNon-Alcoholic SteatohepatitisAlcohol-related Liver Disease

CHronic Hepatopathies Associated With ALcohol Consumption aNd metAbolic Syndrome

RECRUITING
NCT05623150Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, FranceStarted 2022-12-06
Liver biopsy
AsthmaHealthy

Air Pollution, Asthma and Circadian Clocks

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03406351University of PennsylvaniaStarted 2018-01-15
Observational
Transplantation InfectionKidney Diseases

Molecular Biological and Moleculargenetic Monitoring of Therapy After Kidney Transplantation

RECRUITING
NCT01515605Odense University HospitalStarted 2011-01-01
Physiological AdaptationsSport PerformanceAerobic Capacity

Molecular Hydrogen Inhalation: Effects on Health, Exercise Capacity and Inflammatory Response - in Vivo/in Vitro Studies

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07130942Phase NAGdansk University of Physical Education and SportStarted 2025-10-01
Inhalation using a molecular hydrogen generator
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

Observe Change in Nasal Swab DRD2 Gene Expression in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Patients on Prolonged Dopamine Agonist Treatment

RECRUITING
NCT06726785HBC Immunology IncStarted 2025-07-01
Mitochondrial DegradationAutophagyFasting

Mitophagy and Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics During Ramadan Dry Fasting vs 16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07638696Bahcesehir Cyprus UniversityStarted 2027-01-15
Ramadan Intermittent Dry Fasting (Sawm)16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF)
Cushing Syndrome

Cushing's Syndrome Before and After Treatment (CORRECT)

RECRUITING
NCT05521529University of AarhusStarted 2023-02-16
no intervention, as this is an observational study
COPD

Immuno-inflammatory Response of Erdosteine in COPD

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07329946Phase NAPierachille Santus, MD, PhDStarted 2026-09-01
ErdosteineStandard of Care (SOC)
Rhematoid Arthritis

Evaluation of CCR6 Gene Expression and Circulating CCL20 Levels as Potential Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07397741Sohag UniversityStarted 2026-03-01
Gene expression by quantitative Real Time PCR
Gene Expression ProfilingOrthodentic Appliances

Genes Associated With Bone Metabolism in the Saliva During Orthodontic Treatment

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT07303647Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical SpecialtiesStarted 2025-10-12
PCR
Apparently Healthy and Not Receiving Hormonal Therapy

Examining the Impact of Phytoestrogens Supplementation on the Gene Expression, and Premenstrual Syndrome in Primenopausal Women

ENROLLING BY INVITATION
NCT07310485Phase NAUniversity of JordanStarted 2025-11-01
SDG lignansPlacebo