GABRA4

Chr 4

gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4

The GABRA4 protein forms the alpha-4 subunit of GABA-A receptors, heteropentameric chloride channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, with alpha-4-containing receptors predominantly located extrasynaptically where they provide tonic inhibition. Mutations in GABRA4 have been associated with autism spectrum disorders, following autosomal dominant inheritance. The gene shows high constraint against loss-of-function variants (LOEUF 0.41), indicating that such variants are likely to be pathogenic when they occur.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, UniProt
MultiplemechanismLOEUF 0.41
Clinical SummaryGABRA4
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Moderately constrained gene (pLI 0.78) — some intolerance to loss-of-function variants.

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Moderate LoF intolerance
LoF Constraint
0.41LOEUF
pLI 0.779
Z-score 3.62
OE 0.18 (0.090.41)
Moderately constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint
2.00Z-score
OE missense 0.68 (0.600.76)
208 obs / 306.8 exp
Mild constraint

Moderately missense-constrained (top ~2.5%)

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.18 (0.090.41)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.68 (0.600.76)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.20
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 4 / 22.6Missense obs/exp: 208 / 306.8Syn Z: -1.64
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
moderateGABRA4-related neurodevelopmental disorder with seizuresOTHERAD
DN
0.7229th %ile
GOF
0.77top 25%
LOF
0.4529th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to gain-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

GABRA4 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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