CLDN16

Chr 3AR

claudin 16

Also known as: HOMG3, PCLN1

Claudin-16 forms paracellular channels in kidney tight junctions that facilitate sodium permeability and drive magnesium and calcium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Mutations cause autosomal recessive hypomagnesemia 3, characterized by massive renal magnesium wasting with hypomagnesemia and hypercalciuria, resulting in nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. The gene shows relatively low constraint to loss-of-function variation (pLI 0.03, LOEUF 0.76).

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
MultiplemechanismARLOEUF 0.761 OMIM phenotype
Clinical SummaryCLDN16
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
renal hypomagnesemia 3 · ARDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.03) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
0.76LOEUF
pLI 0.025
Z-score 2.21
OE 0.36 (0.190.76)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint
-0.08Z-score
OE missense 1.02 (0.901.15)
173 obs / 170.2 exp
Tolerant

Tolerant to missense variation

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.36 (0.190.76)
00.351.4
Missense OE1.02 (0.901.15)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.20
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 5 / 13.9Missense obs/exp: 173 / 170.2Syn Z: -1.25
DN
0.77top 25%
GOF
0.78top 25%
LOF
0.2582th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to gain-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CLDN16 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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