CD68

Chr 17

CD68 molecule

Also known as: GP110, LAMP4, SCARD1

This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a scavenger receptor on macrophages, mediating phagocytosis, lysosomal metabolism, and macrophage homing to specific tissues through binding to lectins and selectins. The gene is not highly constrained against loss-of-function variants and has not been established as a cause of Mendelian disease. CD68 serves primarily as a macrophage marker in clinical and research settings.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, UniProt
MultiplemechanismLOEUF 1.19
Clinical SummaryCD68
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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ClinVar Variants
20 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 69 VUS of 111 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
10 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
1.19LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 1.01
OE 0.72 (0.451.19)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint
0.37Z-score
OE missense 0.93 (0.821.05)
187 obs / 201.6 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.72 (0.451.19)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.93 (0.821.05)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.09
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 11 / 15.3Missense obs/exp: 187 / 201.6Syn Z: -0.63
DN
0.7132th %ile
GOF
0.6835th %ile
LOF
0.2969th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (dominant-negative and gain-of-function). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to dominant-negative as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

DNprediction above median
GOFprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

111 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic19
Likely Pathogenic1
VUS69
Likely Benign6
Benign4
19
Pathogenic
1
Likely Pathogenic
69
VUS
6
Likely Benign
4
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
19
0
19
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
1
0
1
VUS
0
60
9
0
69
Likely Benign
0
2
1
3
6
Benign
0
2
0
2
4
Total06430599

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CD68 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

AsthmaRespiratory Disease

Airway Remodeling and Rhinovirus in Asthmatics

RECRUITING
NCT05775952University of CalgaryStarted 2011-09-01
HRV-39
Peri-implant Soft Tissue Healing

Spatiotemporal Single-cell Atlas of Peri-implant Soft Tissue Healing

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07279090Phase NAStomatological Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical UniversityStarted 2025-12-20
Healing Abutment Gingival Healing Post-Implantation
HealthyObesity

A Study of Adipose Tissue in Adaptive Responses to Exercise

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06053125Phase NAMayo ClinicStarted 2023-11-09
Adipose Tissue BiopsyExercise
Cervical High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial LesionCervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3CIN 2/3

Predicting Response In Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Topical Imiquimod Treatment

RECRUITING
NCT05405270Catharina Ziekenhuis EindhovenStarted 2022-06-01
Imiquimod3x vaginal swab for microbiome analysisExpectative management
Hemophilia A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Gene Therapy for Treatment of Severe Hemophilia A

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT04418414Phase PHASE1Expression Therapeutics, LLCStarted 2024-09-01
Gene therapyBiological
Chronic Kidney Diseases

Dapagliflozin on Renal Morphology and Renal Perfusion in Patients One Year After Kidney Transplantation

RECRUITING
NCT06560801Phase PHASE4University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical SchoolStarted 2023-07-28
Dapagliflozin 10mg Tab
Aging

IMAT Quality in Aging

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07506681Phase NAWashington University School of MedicineStarted 2026-04-15
Calf muscle strengthening
Head and Neck CancerCervical CancerEndometrial Cancer

A Study of ILB2109 and Toripalimab in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies

RECRUITING
NCT05955105Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Innolake BiopharmStarted 2023-07-25
ILB-2109Toripalimab
Oral LeukoplakiaOral Leukoplakia of TongueOral Leukoplakia of Gingiva

Prediction of Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia Using a MAGE-A-based Immunoscore

RECRUITING
NCT03975322University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical SchoolStarted 2019-12-01
Metastatic Urothelial CarcinomaUnresectable Urothelial Carcinoma

Pembrolizumab Plus CA-4948 for the Treatment of Patients With Progressive Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Despite Prior Immunotherapy

RECRUITING
NCT06439836Phase PHASE1National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2025-05-05
Biopsy ProcedureBiospecimen CollectionComputed Tomography
Clinical Literature
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