CD38

Chr 4

CD38 molecule

Also known as: ADPRC 1, ADPRC1, cADPR1

The protein encoded by this gene is a non-lineage-restricted, type II transmembrane glycoprotein that synthesizes and hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose, an intracellular calcium ion mobilizing messenger. The release of soluble protein and the ability of membrane-bound protein to become internalized indicate both extracellular and intracellular functions for the protein. This protein has an N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a C-terminal extracellular region with four N-glycosylation sites. Crystal structure analysis demonstrates that the functional molecule is a dimer, with the central portion containing the catalytic site. It is used as a prognostic marker for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

95
ClinVar variants
51
Pathogenic / LP
0.00
pLI score
12
Active trials
Clinical SummaryCD38
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
📋
ClinVar Variants
51 Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 38 VUS of 95 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint?LOEUF (Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper bound Fraction) is the upper bound of the 90% CI for LoF OE — the preferred gnomAD v4 metric. Lower = more intolerant to LoF. LOEUF < 0.35 = highly constrained.
1.13LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 1.19
OE 0.68 (0.431.13)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint?Missense Z-score: standard deviations fewer missense variants observed vs. expected. Z > 3.09 (p < 0.001) = gene does not tolerate missense variation. OE missense < 0.6 is also considered constrained.
-0.06Z-score
OE missense 1.01 (0.891.15)
167 obs / 164.7 exp
Tolerant

Tolerant to missense variation

Observed / Expected Ratios?Shaded band = 90% confidence interval. Vertical tick = point estimate. Grey threshold line = gnomAD constraint cutoff for that variant class.
LoF OE?Ratio of observed to expected LoF variants. Upper CI bound (LOEUF) ≤ 0.35 = strong LoF constraint signal.0.68 (0.431.13)
00.351.4
Missense OE?Ratio of observed to expected missense variants. OE ≤ 0.6 = fewer missense variants than expected by chance.1.01 (0.891.15)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE?Control metric — synonymous variants are largely neutral and expected near OE = 1.0. Significant deviation may indicate annotation issues.0.84
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 11 / 16.2Missense obs/exp: 167 / 164.7Syn Z: 0.96

ClinVar Variant Classifications

95 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic48
Likely Pathogenic3
VUS38
Likely Benign4
Benign2
48
Pathogenic
3
Likely Pathogenic
38
VUS
4
Likely Benign
2
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
48
0
48
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
3
0
3
VUS
1
33
4
0
38
Likely Benign
0
3
1
0
4
Benign
0
0
1
1
2
Total13657195

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CD38 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

OMIM — Genotype-Phenotype Relationships

1 OMIM entry

CD38 ANTIGEN; CD38
MIM #107270 · *
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GeneReview available — CD38
Authoritative clinical overview · NCBI Bookshelf · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗
Clinical Literature
Landmark / reviewRecent case evidence
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
CD38: An Immunomodulatory Molecule in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.
Piedra-Quintero ZL et al.·Front Immunol
2020Review
Anti CD38 monoclonal antibodies for multiple myeloma treatment.
Gozzetti A et al.·Hum Vaccin Immunother
2022Review
Top 10 resultsSearch PubMed ↗

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Plasma Cell Myeloma

Comparing Combinations of Drugs to Treat Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) When a Stem Cell Transplant is Not a Medically Suitable Treatment

RECRUITING
NCT05561387Phase PHASE3SWOG Cancer Research NetworkStarted 2023-10-12
BortezomibDaratumumab and Hyaluronidase-fihjDexamethasone
Artemis (DCLRE1C ) Deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

Safety and Efficacy Study of Transplantation of Autologous CD34+ Cells Transduced With the G2ARTE Lentiviral Vector Expressing the DCLRE1C cDNA in Artemis (DCLRE1C) Deficient Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Patients (ARTEGENE)

RECRUITING
NCT05071222Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisStarted 2023-07-19
ARTEGENE drug product
Lung Cancer

Genomic Analysis to Identify a Predictive Biomarker for Immunotherapy

RECRUITING
NCT03578185Se-Hoon LeeStarted 2018-04-11
Cavernous Malformation, Cerebral

Daratumumab for Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: A Single-Arm Safety and Efficacy Study

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07026604Phase EARLY_PHASE1Beijing Tiantan HospitalStarted 2025-07-01
Daratumumab
AutophagyGalectinsHIV Infections

Study of Autophagy and the Effects of GALIG Gene Products in HIV-1 Infected Patients Who Are Under Antiretroviral Therapy Since Primary-infection, Chronic Phase, or Never Treated.

RECRUITING
NCT04160455Centre Hospitalier Régional d'OrléansStarted 2019-11-07
expression of a panel
Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CLL1 and CD38 Dual-Target CAR-T Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

RECRUITING
NCT06880354Phase PHASE1Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, ChinaStarted 2025-05-22
CLL1 and CD38 Dual-Target CAR-T Cell Injection
HIV InfectionsAlcohol DrinkingAging

Precision Microbiota Interventions for Senoreduction Trial

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07462767Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New OrleansStarted 2026-04-01
Limosilactobacillus reuteriBlueberry extract
Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Expression-linked and R-ISS-adapted Stratification for First Line Therapy in Multiple Myeloma Patients

RECRUITING
NCT05665140Phase PHASE2, PHASE3University Hopsital Schleswig Holstein Campus LübeckStarted 2023-02-03
IsatuximabLenalidomideBortezomib
Maternal ObesityObesity

The Developmental Origins of Obesity

RECRUITING
NCT06981676Phase NAPontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileStarted 2023-07-25
DHA and EPA
Multiple Myeloma in Relapse

Study of Elranatamab for Relapsed or Refractory Myeloma in Patients Previously Exposed to Three-drug Classes

RECRUITING
NCT06282978Phase PHASE2PETHEMA FoundationStarted 2023-11-23
Elranatamab (PF-06863135)
Relapsed/Refractory AML

Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Universal Donor CD33 CAR Natural Killer Cells for AML

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07026942Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Nationwide Children's HospitalStarted 2026-04-01
Universal donor derived CD33 CAR-NK
Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Role of Adrenomedullin in Leukemic Endosteal/Vascular Niches

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04460963Phase NAGruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'AdultoStarted 2021-06-09
Adrenomedullin