CD38

Chr 4

CD38 molecule

Also known as: ADPRC 1, ADPRC1, cADPR1

The protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein that synthesizes cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, serving as second messengers for calcium mobilization and glucose-induced insulin secretion, and also functions as a receptor for lymphocyte activation and migration. Mutations cause CD38 deficiency, an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and impaired antibody responses. The gene is highly tolerant to loss-of-function variants (low pLI score), consistent with the recessive inheritance pattern observed clinically.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, UniProt
MultiplemechanismLOEUF 1.13
Clinical SummaryCD38
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
💊
Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
1.13LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 1.19
OE 0.68 (0.431.13)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint
-0.06Z-score
OE missense 1.01 (0.891.15)
167 obs / 164.7 exp
Tolerant

Tolerant to missense variation

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.68 (0.431.13)
00.351.4
Missense OE1.01 (0.891.15)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.84
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 11 / 16.2Missense obs/exp: 167 / 164.7Syn Z: 0.96
DN
0.6649th %ile
GOF
0.72top 25%
LOF
0.2386th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (gain-of-function and dominant-negative). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to gain-of-function as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

GOFprediction above median
DNprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CD38 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

B-cell Malignancies

Combination CAR-T Cell Therapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies

RECRUITING
NCT03125577Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical InstituteStarted 2025-08-01
4SCAR19 and 4SCAR224SCAR19 and 4SCAR384SCAR19 and 4SCAR20
Cavernous Malformation, Cerebral

Daratumumab for Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: A Single-Arm Safety and Efficacy Study

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07026604Phase EARLY_PHASE1Beijing Tiantan HospitalStarted 2025-07-01
Daratumumab
Multiple Myeloma

Comparing the Combination of Selinexor-Daratumumab-Velcade-Dexamethasone (Dara-SVD) With the Usual Treatment (Dara-RVD) for High-Risk Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06169215Phase PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2024-07-23
Biospecimen CollectionBone Marrow AspirationBone Marrow Biopsy
Lung Cancer

Genomic Analysis to Identify a Predictive Biomarker for Immunotherapy

RECRUITING
NCT03578185Se-Hoon LeeStarted 2018-04-11
Gynecologic CancerOvarian CancerFallopian Tube Cancer

Intraperitoneal FT536 in Recurrent Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06342986Phase PHASE1Masonic Cancer Center, University of MinnesotaStarted 2024-07-11
FT536FludarabineCY
B-cell Leukemia

CAR-T Immunotherapy Targeting CD19- ALL

RECRUITING
NCT04016129Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical InstituteStarted 2025-07-15
4SCAR-CD22/CD123/CD38/CD10/CD20/TSLPR
HivHIV I Infection

Multi Interventional Approaches to Mitigate HIV Reservoirs Aiming the Sustained HIV Remission Without Antiretrovirals

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06805656Phase PHASE2Federal University of São PauloStarted 2025-09-01
MaravirocDolutegravirDendritic Cell Vaccine
HIV InfectionsAlcohol DrinkingAging

Precision Microbiota Interventions for Senoreduction Trial

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07462767Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in New OrleansStarted 2026-04-01
Limosilactobacillus reuteriBlueberry extract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Role of Adrenomedullin in Leukemic Endosteal/Vascular Niches

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04460963Phase NAGruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'AdultoStarted 2021-06-09
Adrenomedullin
Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CLL1 and CD38 Dual-Target CAR-T Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

RECRUITING
NCT06880354Phase PHASE1Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, ChinaStarted 2025-05-22
CLL1 and CD38 Dual-Target CAR-T Cell Injection
Multiple Myeloma in Relapse

Study of Elranatamab for Relapsed or Refractory Myeloma in Patients Previously Exposed to Three-drug Classes

RECRUITING
NCT06282978Phase PHASE2PETHEMA FoundationStarted 2023-11-23
Elranatamab (PF-06863135)
Plasma Cell Myeloma

Comparing Combinations of Drugs to Treat Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) When a Stem Cell Transplant is Not a Medically Suitable Treatment

RECRUITING
NCT05561387Phase PHASE3SWOG Cancer Research NetworkStarted 2023-10-12
BortezomibDaratumumab and Hyaluronidase-fihjDexamethasone
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