CD19

Chr 16AR

CD19 molecule

Also known as: B4, CVID3

NCBI Gene: 930ENSG00000177455UniProt: P15391OMIM: 107265

CD19 encodes a B-cell surface coreceptor that decreases the threshold for B-cell activation and is required for normal B-cell differentiation, proliferation in response to antigens, and production of high-affinity antibodies. Mutations cause autosomal recessive common variable immunodeficiency 3, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired antibody responses, and recurrent bacterial infections. The gene is highly constrained against loss-of-function variants (pLI = 0.90, LOEUF = 0.36), reflecting its critical role in adaptive immunity.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
ARLOEUF 0.351 OMIM phenotype
Clinical Summary— CD19
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
immunodeficiency, common variable, 3 · ARDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

⚡
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Highly constrained gene — heterozygous loss-of-function variants are very rare in the population (pLI 0.90). One damaged copy is likely sufficient to cause disease.
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ClinVar Variants
88 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 183 VUS of 476 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
Explore recent and relevant literature in Research Assistant →
📖
GeneReview available — CD19
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD
LoF intolerant — likely haploinsufficient
LoF Constraint
0.35LOEUF
pLI 0.905
Z-score 4.19
OE 0.17 (0.09–0.35)
Highly constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint
1.03Z-score
OE missense 0.84 (0.76–0.93)
270 obs / 321.8 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.17 (0.09–0.35)
0≤0.351.4
Missense OE0.84 (0.76–0.93)
0≤0.61.4
Synonymous OE1.02
0≤1.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 5 / 29.6Missense obs/exp: 270 / 321.8Syn Z: -0.22

ClinVar Variant Classifications

476 submitted variants in ClinVar

ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic79
Likely Pathogenic9
VUS183
Likely Benign178
Benign12
Conflicting12
79
Pathogenic
9
Likely Pathogenic
183
VUS
178
Likely Benign
12
Benign
12
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
7
1
71
0
79
Likely Pathogenic
2
0
7
0
9
VUS
1
141
39
2
183
Likely Benign
1
4
74
99
178
Benign
0
1
9
2
12
Conflicting
—12
Total11147200103473

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CD19 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Clinical Study of A-319 in the Treatment of Active/Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

RECRUITING
NCT06400537Phase PHASE1Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyStarted 2024-07-20
A-319
Systemic Lupus ErythematosusCAR-T Cell Therapy

Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-CD19 CAR-T Cells in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06222853Phase PHASE1The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineStarted 2024-02-10
anti-CD19-CAR-T cells
LymphomaLymphoma, B-CellImmune System Diseases

Anti-CD19 CAR-T Cells With Inducible Caspase 9 Safety Switch for B-cell Lymphoma

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03696784Phase PHASE1UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterStarted 2019-03-12
iC9-CAR19 T cellsBendamustineFludarabine
Malnutrition PregnancyMalnutrition in ChildrenMalnutrition (Calorie)

Early Life Malnutrition, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Microbiome Trajectories

RECRUITING
NCT07195006University of ZimbabweStarted 2025-01-27
Malnutrition in pregnancy as exposurePoor WASH living conditions as exposure
Non-hodgkin Lymphoma,B Cell

Universal CAR-T Cell Therapy for NHL

RECRUITING
NCT07248163Phase NABioray LaboratoriesStarted 2025-03-11
BRL-301
Non-Hodgkin LymphomaChronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaAcute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Activated T-Cells Expressing 2nd or 3rd Generation CD19-Specific CAR, Advanced B-Cell NHL, ALL, and CLL (SAGAN)

RECRUITING
NCT01853631Phase PHASE1Baylor College of MedicineStarted 2014-02
Dose Escalation Phase:CD19.CAR/28 and CD19.CAR/28137 T cellsExpansion Phase: CD19.CAR/28 and CD19.CAR/28137 T cells
B-cell NHLCLL

Allogeneic CARCIK-CD19 in Adults/Pediatric B-cell NHL or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

RECRUITING
NCT05869279Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Fondazione Matilde Tettamanti Menotti De Marchi OnlusStarted 2023-12-01
CARCIK-CD19
Hematologic Diseases

Stem Cell Transplant From Donors After Alpha Beta Cell Depletion in Children and Adults With T-allo10 Cells Addback

RECRUITING
NCT04640987Phase PHASE1Porteus, Matthew, MDStarted 2021-02-10
Allogeneic Stem Cell TransplantCliniMACS Prodigy SystemT-allo10 cells addback
Relapsed or Refractory B Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma

U96-CAR-T-Cells For R/R B-ALL

RECRUITING
NCT07511426Phase PHASE1The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityStarted 2026-03-30
U96
B-cell Malignancies

Combination CAR-T Cell Therapy Targeting Hematological Malignancies

RECRUITING
NCT03125577Phase PHASE1, PHASE2Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical InstituteStarted 2025-08-01
4SCAR19 and 4SCAR224SCAR19 and 4SCAR384SCAR19 and 4SCAR20
Hepatic Failure

Ex Vivo Perfusion of Gene-Edited Porcine Livers in Patients With Severe Hepatic Failure

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT07519005Phase EARLY_PHASE1Xijing HospitalStarted 2026-01-31
Ex vivo perfusion of six-gene-edited porcine liverMulti-drug immunosuppressive therapy
Colorectal CancerColorectal Neoplasms MalignantIntestinal Neoplasms, Malignant

Postoperative Effects of Different Enterostomy Approaches

RECRUITING
NCT05853094Phase NAFudan UniversityStarted 2023-06-23
IleostomyTransverse colostomy
Clinical Literature
Open Research Assistant →
Full-Text Mentions
NLP-detected gene mentions in article bodies · via PubTator3
PubTator3
B CD19 CAR-T CD19 CAR
Liu MJ et al.·Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
2021
CD19
Wu XX et al.·Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
2024
Anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy remission despite prior anti-CD19 antibody Tafasitamab in relapsed/refractory DLBCL
Tabbara N et al.·Leuk Res Rep
2021
CD19 T
Ren CX et al.·Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
2022
CD19 T
Chen ML et al.·Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
2021
Top 5 full-text resultsSearch PubTator3 ↗
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Top 5 results · since 2015Search PubMed ↗
Recent Gene-Specific Literature
Gene in title · MEDLINE · newest first
Europe PMC
Respiratory Viral Infections Following CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy.
Weiss JJ et al.·J Med Virol
2026
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of a CD19/CD20 bispecific nanobody-rhamnose conjugate with reconstituted Fc effector functions for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies.
Zhu Y et al.·J Pharm Sci
2026
Single-dose rituximab as induction therapy in adult IgA vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: a case report with peripheral blood CD19⁺ B-cell monitoring.
Kyoda N et al.·CEN Case Rep
2026Case report
Regulatory challenges of personalized medicine in the real world: are the right patients being treated with CD19-targeting CAR T-cells?
Sebe A et al.·EMBO Mol Med
2026Cohort
Five-year follow-up of patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in ZUMA-2, Cohorts 1 and 2.
Muñoz J et al.·J Hematol Oncol
2026Cohort
Top 5 resultsSearch Europe PMC ↗

External Resources

Links to major genomics databases and tools

Franklin by Genoox
AI-powered variant curation and clinical analysis
DECIPHER
Genomic variants and phenotypes in rare disease patients