CD19

Chr 16AR

CD19 molecule

ENSG00000177455UniProt: P15391OMIM: 107265

Functions as a coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes (PubMed:29523808). Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens (PubMed:1373518, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:2463100). Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:9317126, PubMed:9382888). Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow (PubMed:9317126). Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges (PubMed:1373518, PubMed:2463100). Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge (PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:9317126)

OMIMResearchGenerating clinical summary…

Primary Disease Associations & Inheritance

Immunodeficiency, common variable, 3MIM #613493
AR

Clinical highlights

Gene-disease validity (ClinGen)
immunodeficiency, common variable, 3 · ARDefinitivesufficient evidence for diagnostic panels
Interpreting a novel variant
This gene is strongly intolerant of loss-of-function variation in the population, so LoF variants warrant close attention. No curated mechanism annotation is available — see the mechanism card for the computational prediction and its caveats.Based on population constraint only.
12
Active trials
2525
Pubs (1 yr)
—
P/LP submissions
—
P/LP missense
0.35
LOEUF
—
Mechanism
Some data sources returned errors (1)

ncbi: Error: NCBI fetch failed: 429 https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD
LoF intolerant — likely haploinsufficient
LoF Constraint?
0.35LOEUF
pLI 0.905
Z-score 4.19
OE 0.17 (0.09–0.35)
Highly constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint?
1.03Z-score
OE missense 0.84 (0.76–0.93)
270 obs / 321.8 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios?
LoF OE?0.17 (0.09–0.35)
0≤0.351.4
Missense OE?0.84 (0.76–0.93)
0≤0.61.4
Synonymous OE?1.02
0≤1.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 5 / 29.6Missense obs/exp: 270 / 321.8Syn Z: -0.22

ClinVar

No ClinVar data available.

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CD19 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov
B-Cell Non-Hodgkin LymphomaDiffuse Large B-Cell LymphomaMantle Cell Lymphoma

Genetically Modified T-cells (CMV-Specific CD19-CAR T-cells) Plus a Vaccine (CMV-MVA Triplex) Following Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Intermediate or High Grade B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

RECRUITING
NCT05432635Phase PHASE1City of Hope Medical CenterStarted 2023-08-01
Anti-CD19-CAR CMV-specific T-lymphocytesAutologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationMulti-peptide CMV-Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine
Humoral ImmunodeficiencyHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Safety and Feasibility of FMT for Immune Recovery After HSCT

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT07755319Phase PHASE1, PHASE2The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityStarted 2026-08-01
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
Systemic Lupus ErythematosusCAR-T Cell Therapy

Study of Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-CD19 CAR-T Cells in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06222853Phase PHASE1The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineStarted 2024-02-10
anti-CD19-CAR-T cells
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Anti CD19/BCMA CAR Gene Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenia

RECRUITING
NCT06973356Phase NAAnhui Provincial HospitalStarted 2025-08-16
Anti-CD19/BCMA CAR gene vector injection will be injected intravenously on a one-time basis.
Blast Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 PositiveRecurrent Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaRecurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Anti-CD19/20/22 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (TriCAR19.20.22 T Cells) for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT07166419Phase PHASE1Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterStarted 2026-01-14
Autologous Anti-CD19/CD20/CD22 CAR T-cellsBiospecimen CollectionBone Marrow Aspiration
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, PediatricALL, Infants

Combined Immuno-chemotherapy for Patients With B-linear Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosed From 0 to 365 Days of Life (ALL-Baby-2021)

RECRUITING
NCT05029531Phase PHASE3Federal Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and ImmunologyStarted 2021-09-23
the risk-adapted choice of therapy and the use of a combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with risk factors.
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Recombinant Human IL-21-expressing Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Injection (hV01) in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

RECRUITING
NCT07006077Phase PHASE2Hangzhou Converd Co., Ltd.Started 2025-05-29
Recombinant human IL-21-expressing oncolytic vaccinia virus injection
Advanced Solid Tumors

Safety of Recombinant Human IL-21-expressing Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Injection (hV01) in Advanced Tumors

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05914376Phase PHASE1Hangzhou Converd Co., Ltd.Started 2023-07-05
Recombinant human IL-21-expressing oncolytic vaccinia virus injection
Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Soft Tissue

A Study of Murine CD19 CAR-T Therapy for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD19+ B-cell Hematological Malignancies

RECRUITING
NCT04532281Phase EARLY_PHASE1Zhejiang UniversityStarted 2020-11-01
Murine CD19 CAR-T cells
Inflammatory Disorder of Immune SystemSpondylitis, AnkylosingArthritis, Rheumatoid

Effects of Phytocannabinoids on Immune Response and Autophagy During Chronic Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases

RECRUITING
NCT06842316Centre Hospitalier Régional d'OrléansStarted 2025-04-10
1 blood sample, 40 mL (collection during a blood test, part of the standard of care for this disease)
Severe Aplastic Anemia

A Trial Comparing Unrelated Donor BMT With IST for Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia (TransIT, BMT CTN 2202)

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05600426Phase PHASE3Boston Children's HospitalStarted 2023-01-25
cyclosporineMatched Unrelated Donor Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplanthorse anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A Clinical Study Exploring the Safety, Efficacy and Cell Metabolic Dynamics of Universal CD19 / 20 Car-t Cell Injection in Moderate to Severe Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

RECRUITING
NCT07339332Phase EARLY_PHASE1Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyStarted 2026-01-16
CAR-T Therapy

External Resources

Links to major genomics databases and tools

Franklin by Genoox
AI-powered variant curation and clinical analysis
DECIPHER
Genomic variants and phenotypes in rare disease patients