CD14

Chr 5

CD14 molecule

NCBI Gene: 929ENSG00000170458UniProt: P08571

The protein encoded by this gene is a surface antigen that is preferentially expressed on monocytes/macrophages. It cooperates with other proteins to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and to viruses. This gene has been identified as a target candidate in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients to potentially lessen or inhibit a severe inflammatory response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

72
ClinVar variants
12
Pathogenic / LP
0.00
pLI score
12
Active trials
Clinical Summary— CD14
⚡
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
📋
ClinVar Variants
12 Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 53 VUS of 72 total submissions
💊
Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

gnomAD
Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint?LOEUF (Loss-of-function Observed/Expected Upper bound Fraction) is the upper bound of the 90% CI for LoF OE — the preferred gnomAD v4 metric. Lower = more intolerant to LoF. LOEUF < 0.35 = highly constrained.
1.59LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 0.35
OE 0.87 (0.49–1.59)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint?Missense Z-score: standard deviations fewer missense variants observed vs. expected. Z > 3.09 (p < 0.001) = gene does not tolerate missense variation. OE missense < 0.6 is also considered constrained.
0.55Z-score
OE missense 0.90 (0.81–1.01)
219 obs / 243.2 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios?Shaded band = 90% confidence interval. Vertical tick = point estimate. Grey threshold line = gnomAD constraint cutoff for that variant class.
LoF OE?Ratio of observed to expected LoF variants. Upper CI bound (LOEUF) ≤ 0.35 = strong LoF constraint signal.0.87 (0.49–1.59)
0≤0.351.4
Missense OE?Ratio of observed to expected missense variants. OE ≤ 0.6 = fewer missense variants than expected by chance.0.90 (0.81–1.01)
0≤0.61.4
Synonymous OE?Control metric — synonymous variants are largely neutral and expected near OE = 1.0. Significant deviation may indicate annotation issues.0.80
0≤1.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 7 / 8.1Missense obs/exp: 219 / 243.2Syn Z: 1.79

ClinVar Variant Classifications

72 submitted variants in ClinVar

ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic12
VUS53
Likely Benign5
Benign2
12
Pathogenic
53
VUS
5
Likely Benign
2
Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
12
0
12
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
0
0
0
VUS
0
48
5
0
53
Likely Benign
0
4
1
0
5
Benign
0
1
0
1
2
Total05318172

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

CD14 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

OMIM — Genotype-Phenotype Relationships

1 OMIM entry

OMIM
📖
GeneReview available — CD14
Authoritative clinical overview · NCBI Bookshelf · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗
Clinical Literature
Landmark / reviewRecent case evidence
Key Publications
Landmark & review papers · by relevance
PubMed
Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites.
Rothhammer V et al.·Nature
2018
A Novel Type of Monocytic Leukemia Stem Cell Revealed by the Clinical Use of Venetoclax-Based Therapy.
Pei S et al.·Cancer Discov
2023
Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties.
Geissmann F et al.·Immunity
2003
Monocyte isolation techniques significantly impact the phenotype of both isolated monocytes and derived macrophages in vitro.
Nielsen MC et al.·Immunology
2020
By CyTOF: Heterogeneity of Human Monocytes.
Loke P et al.·Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
2017
Subsets of CD1c(+) DCs: Dendritic Cell Versus Monocyte Lineage.
Heger L et al.·Front Immunol
2020Review
Immunometabolism mRNA expression phenotypes and reprogramming of CD14 in T2DM with or without CVD.
Bendaya I et al.·Int Immunopharmacol
2023
IL-23 exerts dominant pathogenic functions in Crohn's disease-ileitis.
Iliopoulou L et al.·Mucosal Immunol
2024
The co-location of CD14+APOE+ cells and MMP7+ tumour cells contributed to worse immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer.
Fan G et al.·Clin Transl Med
2024
Single-cell analysis of CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes identifies a subpopulation with an enhanced migratory and inflammatory phenotype.
Ruiz VY et al.·Front Immunol
2025
Top 10 resultsSearch PubMed ↗
Recent Gene-Specific Literature
Gene in title · MEDLINE · newest first
Europe PMC
CD14 plays a critical role in pain and inflammation across multiple models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
Burt KG et al.·Arthritis Rheumatol
2026Functional
TNF-⍺-mediated myeloid-instructed CD14+CD4+ T cells are associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma.
Marceaux C et al.·Cell Rep Med
2026🔓 Open Access
Activin-A has dual roles in osteoclast formation and foreign body giant cell differentiation from human CD14+ monocytes.
Kylmäoja E et al.·Bone
2026
Transplantation of Ex Vivo Amplified Mononuclear Cells From Peripheral Blood Improves Rat Pulmonary Hypertension via CD14- and CD163-Positive M2 Macrophages.
Suzuki Y et al.·Respirology
2026
Lipid nanoparticle-mediated Cd14 siRNA delivery ameliorates the acute inflammatory response to intracortical microelectrode implantation.
Graham F et al.·Acta Biomater
2026
Top 5 resultsSearch Europe PMC ↗

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

ClinicalTrials.gov
Crohn Disease (CD)

The Microbial Impact on Intestinal Fibrosis and the Associated Immune Microenvironment in Crohn's Disease

NOT YET RECRUITING
NCT06720961IRCCS San RaffaeleStarted 2025-04
Collection of surgical specimenCollection of stool sample
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Redirected to CD4 (CD4CAR)as a Second Line Treatment for Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia, CMML.

RECRUITING
NCT06071624Phase PHASE1Huda SalmanStarted 2024-02-21
CD4CAR
Chronic Kidney Disease 5D

Effect of Inulin on Gut Microbiota and Gut Barrier in Chronic Kidney Disease

RECRUITING
NCT05071131Phase NACharite University, Berlin, GermanyStarted 2022-02-01
InulinPlacebo
AdrenoleukodystrophyAdrenomyeloneuropathyMetachromatic Leukodystrophy

Modeling Macrophages Activation Pattern in X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy, Metachromatic Leukodystrophy and Adult Onset Leukoencephalopathy With Axonal Spheroids and Pigmented Glia

RECRUITING
NCT04925349Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisStarted 2021-08-30
Blood sample collection
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CSCC)

Next-gen Flow Cytometry to Find Immune Profiles, Treatment Response, and Toxicity Markers in Skin Cancer Patients Treated With Cemiplimab.

RECRUITING
NCT07064330Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de SalamancaStarted 2025-07-17
Cemiplimab
Morbid Obesity

Dairy Lipids and Cardiometabolic Risk

RECRUITING
NCT05783466Phase NAHospices Civils de LyonStarted 2023-06-28
Low-fat dairy productsWhole-fat dairy productsMilk polar lipid enriched whole-fat dairy products
Obesity, Morbid

Long-term, Substantial Weight Loss and Insulin Regulation of Lipolysis

RECRUITING
NCT03868592Phase NAMayo ClinicStarted 2019-08-01
Gastric sleeve/bariatric surgery
Hematologic Diseases

Stem Cell Transplant From Donors After Alpha Beta Cell Depletion in Children and Adults With T-allo10 Cells Addback

RECRUITING
NCT04640987Phase PHASE1Porteus, Matthew, MDStarted 2021-02-10
Allogeneic Stem Cell TransplantCliniMACS Prodigy SystemT-allo10 cells addback
Malnutrition PregnancyMalnutrition in ChildrenMalnutrition (Calorie)

Early Life Malnutrition, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Microbiome Trajectories

RECRUITING
NCT07195006University of ZimbabweStarted 2025-01-27
Malnutrition in pregnancy as exposurePoor WASH living conditions as exposure
Non-Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung, TNM Stage 4Non-Small Cell Lung CancerEGFR Gene Mutation

Early Rebiopsy to Identify Biomarkers of Tumor Cell Survival Following EGFR, ALK, ROS1 or BRAF TKI Therapy

RECRUITING
NCT03042221University of Colorado, DenverStarted 2016-05-10
SARS CoV 2 InfectionSARS CoV 2 Vaccination

COVID-19 Transmission and Morbidity in Malawi

RECRUITING
NCT05973084Boston UniversityStarted 2023-01-17
Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Role of Adrenomedullin in Leukemic Endosteal/Vascular Niches

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04460963Phase NAGruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'AdultoStarted 2021-06-09
Adrenomedullin

External Resources

Links to major genomics databases and tools