BRCA2

Chr 13ADSomaticAR

BRCA2 DNA repair associated

Also known as: BRCC2, BROVCA2, FACD, FAD, FAD1, FANCD, FANCD1, GLM3

The BRCA2 protein functions in homologous recombination DNA repair by binding RAD51 and promoting its assembly onto single-stranded DNA at double-strand breaks. Biallelic mutations cause Fanconi anemia complementation group D1, while heterozygous mutations predispose to familial breast-ovarian cancer syndrome and increase susceptibility to various cancers including medulloblastoma, glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, and Wilms tumor. The gene follows autosomal recessive inheritance for Fanconi anemia and autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance for cancer predisposition syndromes.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
LOFmechanismAD/Somatic/ARLOEUF 0.648 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummaryBRCA2
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
Fanconi anemia complementation group D1 · ARDefinitive

Definitive — sufficient evidence for diagnostic panels

2 total gene-disease associations curated

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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ClinVar Variants
137 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 355 VUS of 1000 total submissions
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
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GeneReview available — BRCA2
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
0.64LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 4.92
OE 0.51 (0.420.64)
Tolerant

Typical tolerance to LoF variation

Missense Constraint
-1.29Z-score
OE missense 1.09 (1.051.13)
1812 obs / 1664.0 exp
Tolerant

Tolerant to missense variation

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.51 (0.420.64)
00.351.4
Missense OE1.09 (1.051.13)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.99
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 61 / 118.9Missense obs/exp: 1812 / 1664.0Syn Z: 0.21
Curated Mechanism (G2P)Gene2Phenotype (DDG2P) ↗
definitiveBRCA2-related Fanconi anemiaLOFAR
definitiveBRCA2-related cancerLOFAD
DN
0.6259th %ile
GOF
0.2597th %ile
LOF
0.4528th %ile

This gene has evidence for multiple mechanisms of pathogenicity (dominant-negative and loss-of-function). Both the Badonyi & Marsh prediction and the broader genomic evidence point to dominant-negative as the predominant mechanism. Different variants in this gene may act through different mechanisms — interpret in context of the specific variant.

DNprediction above median · 1 literature citation
LOF1 literature citation · 93% of P/LP variants are LoF

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Literature Evidence

DNWe further discuss two non-mutually exclusive potential scenarios related to the resulting haploinsufficiency and variant-specific dominant negative phenotype that might explain, at least in part, the variable expressivity associated with BRCA2 pathogenic variants.PMID:30803554
LOFLarge genomic deletions inactivate the BRCA2 gene in breast cancer familiesPMID:16199546

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312. Mechanism ranking also informed by gnomAD constraint, ClinVar, and ClinGen data.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

1000 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic111
Likely Pathogenic26
VUS355
Likely Benign490
Benign7
Conflicting11
111
Pathogenic
26
Likely Pathogenic
355
VUS
490
Likely Benign
7
Benign
11
Conflicting

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
107
0
4
0
111
Likely Pathogenic
21
3
2
0
26
VUS
5
329
19
2
355
Likely Benign
1
31
59
399
490
Benign
0
6
1
0
7
Conflicting
11
Total134369854011,000

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

BRCA2 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Breast CancerGenetic Susceptibility

ScreenIng of Genetic Susceptibility Genes for Breast Cancer Patients in CHinese communiTies

RECRUITING
NCT04265937Fudan UniversityStarted 2019-07-01
Breast Cancer

Assessing Clinical Features and Outcome of Breast Cancer in PALB2 Mutation Carriers: the Palbreast Study

RECRUITING
NCT06403904Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di ModenaStarted 2023-10-02
Malignant Neoplasm of BreastBreast Cancer

Comprehensive Analysis of Predictors of the Treatment With Pembrolizumab and Olaparib in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic HER2 Negative Breast Cancer and a Deleterious Germline Mutation or a Homologous Recombination Deficiency (COMPRENDO

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT05033756Phase PHASE2Institut fuer FrauengesundheitStarted 2022-07-30
Pembrolizumab Injection [Keytruda]Olaparib Oral Tablet [Lynparza]
Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaPDAC

A Prospective Registry for Patients at High-Risk for Pancreatic Cancer

RECRUITING
NCT06151223Mayo ClinicStarted 2021-07-13
Bio-specimen Collection: BloodBio-specimen Collection: Pancreatic JuiceMRI
BRCA1 Gene MutationBRCA2 Gene MutationLocally Advanced Solid Neoplasm

Pembrolizumab in Treating Participants With Metastatic, Recurrent or Locally Advanced Cancer and Genomic Instability

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT03428802Phase PHASE2Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyStarted 2018-03-08
Laboratory Biomarker AnalysisPembrolizumab
Breast CancerPALB2-Mutated Breast CarcinomaHER2-negative Breast Cancer

Phase Ib Study of Axatilimab in Combination With Olaparib in BRCA1/2 and PALB2- Associated Metastatic HER2-negative Breast Cancer

RECRUITING
NCT06488378Phase PHASE1Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteStarted 2024-08-13
AxatilimabOlaparib
Metastatic Solid TumorBRCA1 MutationBRCA2 Mutation

Combination Therapy in Cancers With Mutations in DNA Repair Genes

RECRUITING
NCT05694715Phase PHASE1University of California, San FranciscoStarted 2023-05-23
NiraparibIrinotecan
Lymphoma, Non-HodgkinMultiple MyelomaAdvanced Solid Tumors

Canadian Profiling and Targeted Agent Utilization Trial (CAPTUR)

RECRUITING
NCT03297606Phase PHASE2Canadian Cancer Trials GroupStarted 2018-03-23
OlaparibDasatinibNivolumab plus Ipilimumab
Prostate Cancer

PROMISE Registry: A Prostate Cancer Registry of Outcomes and Germline Mutations for Improved Survival and Treatment Effectiveness

RECRUITING
NCT04995198Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials ConsortiumStarted 2021-05-03
Pancreatic Acinar Cell CarcinomaPancreatic AdenocarcinomaPancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma

The PLATINUM Trial: Optimizing Chemotherapy for the Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic BRCA1/2 or PALB2-Associated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06115499Phase PHASE2, PHASE3Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyStarted 2024-08-13
Nab paclitaxelGemcitabineCisplatin
Solid TumorAdvanced Solid TumorMetastatic Cancer

KPMNG Study of MOlecular Profiling Guided Therapy Based on Genomic Alterations in Advanced Solid Tumors II

RECRUITING
NCT05525858Seoul National University Bundang HospitalStarted 2022-09-28
AlectinibAtezolizumabErlotinib
Breast NeoplasmsGermline BRCA1 Gene MutationGermline BRCA2 Gene Mutation

Prospective Study of MAstectomy With Reconstruction Including Robot Endoscopic Surgery

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04585074Severance HospitalStarted 2020-04-08
Robotic or endoscopic nipple sparing mastectomyConventional mastectomy (including nipple sparing mastectomy, skin sparing mastectomy)
Clinical Literature
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