APPL2

Chr 12

adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 2

Also known as: DIP13B

The APPL2 protein functions as an effector of the small GTPase RAB5A in endosomal signaling pathways and is required for efficient cell proliferation. Deletions involving this gene contribute to 22q13.3 deletion syndrome (Phelan-McDermid syndrome), which presents with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and delayed or absent speech. This syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, though most cases arise from de novo deletions.

GeneReviewsOMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, UniProt
GOFmechanismLOEUF 1.09
Clinical SummaryAPPL2
Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Low constraint (pLI 0.00) — loss-of-function variants are relatively tolerated in the population.
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ClinVar Variants
9 unique Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic· 94 VUS of 126 total submissions
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GeneReview available — APPL2
Authoritative clinical overview · Recommended first read
Open GeneReview ↗

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Tolerant — LoF & missense variants common in population
LoF Constraint
1.09LOEUF
pLI 0.000
Z-score 1.10
OE 0.81 (0.611.09)
Tolerant

Highly tolerant — LoF variants common in population

Missense Constraint
0.32Z-score
OE missense 0.95 (0.871.04)
358 obs / 375.2 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.81 (0.611.09)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.95 (0.871.04)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE0.93
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 32 / 39.5Missense obs/exp: 358 / 375.2Syn Z: 0.66
DN
0.5870th %ile
GOF
0.6541th %ile
LOF
0.4039th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is gain-of-function.

GOFprediction above median

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

126 submitted variants in ClinVar

Classification Summary

Pathogenic8
Likely Pathogenic1
VUS94
Likely Benign4
8
Pathogenic
1
Likely Pathogenic
94
VUS
4
Likely Benign

Curated Variants Distribution

Classified variants from ClinVar · 5 ACMG categories

ClassificationLoFMissense + InframeNon-codingSynonymousTotal
Pathogenic
0
0
8
0
8
Likely Pathogenic
0
0
1
0
1
VUS
0
90
4
0
94
Likely Benign
0
3
0
1
4
Benign
0
0
0
0
0
Total093131107

LoF = frameshift, stop gained/lost, canonical splice · Counts from ClinVar esearch · Updated hourly

View in ClinVar →

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

APPL2 · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

No active trials found for this gene.

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Clinical Literature
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