Albumin regulates blood plasma colloid osmotic pressure and serves as a carrier protein for hormones, fatty acids, metabolites, and drugs. Mutations cause analbuminemia, dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia, and dysalbuminemic hypertriiodothyroninemia with both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns. The gene shows significant constraint against loss-of-function variants, indicating its essential physiological role.

OMIMResearchSummary from RefSeq, OMIM, UniProt
GOFmechanismAD/ARLOEUF 0.393 OMIM phenotypes
Clinical SummaryALB
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Gene-Disease Validity (ClinGen)
hyperthyroxinemia, familial dysalbuminemic · ADModerate

Moderate evidence — consider for supplementary testing

2 total gene-disease associations curated

Population Constraint (gnomAD)
Moderately constrained gene (pLI 0.64) — some intolerance to loss-of-function variants.
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Clinical Trials
12 active or recruiting trials — potential therapeutic options may be available
Some data sources returned errors (1)

ncbi: Error: NCBI fetch failed: 429 https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esearch.fcgi

Population Genetics & Constraint

gnomAD v4 — loss-of-function & missense intolerance

Moderate LoF intolerance
LoF Constraint
0.39LOEUF
pLI 0.643
Z-score 4.29
OE 0.21 (0.120.39)
Moderately constrained

More LoF-intolerant than ~75% of genes

Missense Constraint
0.66Z-score
OE missense 0.90 (0.810.99)
288 obs / 321.1 exp
Tolerant

Mild missense constraint

Observed / Expected Ratios
LoF OE0.21 (0.120.39)
00.351.4
Missense OE0.90 (0.810.99)
00.61.4
Synonymous OE1.11
01.21.6
LoF obs/exp: 7 / 34.0Missense obs/exp: 288 / 321.1Syn Z: -0.92
DN
0.11100th %ile
GOF
0.73top 25%
LOF
0.1993th %ile

The highest-scoring mechanism for this gene is gain-of-function.

GOFprediction above median · 1 literature citation

Note: In-silico variant effect predictors (SIFT, PolyPhen, REVEL, CADD) may underestimate pathogenicity of missense variants in genes with GOF or DN mechanisms. Consider functional evidence and clinical context.

Literature Evidence

GOFFamilial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the human ALB gene.PMID:34142517

Predictions from Badonyi M, Marsh JA. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0307312.

ClinVar Variant Classifications

0 submitted variants in ClinVar

Protein Context — Lollipop Plot

ALB · protein map & ClinVar variants

Showing all ClinVar variants across the protein. Search a specific variant to highlight its position.

3D Protein StructureAlphaFold

Clinical Trials

Active and recruiting trials from ClinicalTrials.gov

Liver Dysfunction

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Microarrays in Liver Transplantation

RECRUITING
NCT03193151University of AlbertaStarted 2017-12-19
liver biopsy
Small Airways DiseasesVapingVaping Related Disorder

The Canadian Lung Outcomes in Users of Vaping Devices Study

RECRUITING
NCT06819969University of British ColumbiaStarted 2025-07-25
Stage IB Breast CancerStage II Breast Cancer

Standard or Comprehensive Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Chemotherapy and Surgery

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT01872975Phase NANSABP Foundation IncStarted 2013-08
regional nodal XRTchestwall XRTWBI
Malnutrition PregnancyMalnutrition in ChildrenMalnutrition (Calorie)

Early Life Malnutrition, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Microbiome Trajectories

RECRUITING
NCT07195006University of ZimbabweStarted 2025-01-27
Malnutrition in pregnancy as exposurePoor WASH living conditions as exposure
Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG)NAION( Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)

Evaluating ER-100 for Safety in People With Glaucoma or Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (Optic Nerve Conditions)

RECRUITING
NCT07290244Phase PHASE1Life Biosciences Inc.Started 2026-03-02
ER-100 epigenetic therapy
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

A Study of Osimertinib With or Without Chemotherapy as 1st Line Treatment in Patients With Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (FLAURA2)

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04035486Phase PHASE3AstraZenecaStarted 2019-07-02
OsimertinibPemetrexed/CarboplatinPemetrexed/Cisplatin
Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalColorectal NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine PF-07934040 When Given Alone or With Other Anti-cancer Therapies in People With Advanced Solid Tumors That Have a Genetic Mutation.

RECRUITING
NCT06447662Phase PHASE1PfizerStarted 2024-06-27
PF-07934040GemcitabineNab-paclitaxel
Type 2 Diabetes

A Feasibility Study of Optimal Non-Pharmacological Lifestyle Modifications in People With Type 2 Diabetes

RECRUITING
NCT07262788Phase NASteno Diabetes Center CopenhagenStarted 2025-09-30
CH-rich diet with exerciseCH-reduced diet with exercise
Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System NeoplasmRecurrent EpendymomaRecurrent Ewing Sarcoma

Selpercatinib for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors, Lymphomas, or Histiocytic Disorders With Activating RET Gene Alterations, a Pediatric MATCH Treatment Trial

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT04320888Phase PHASE2National Cancer Institute (NCI)Started 2021-05-03
Computed TomographyMagnetic Resonance ImagingPositron Emission Tomography
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Open-Label, Randomised, Multi-Drug, Biomarker-Directed, Phase 1b Study in Pts w/ Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT02546661Phase PHASE1AstraZenecaStarted 2016-12-28
AZD4547MEDI4736Olaparib
Lymphoma, Non-HodgkinMultiple MyelomaAdvanced Solid Tumors

Canadian Profiling and Targeted Agent Utilization Trial (CAPTUR)

RECRUITING
NCT03297606Phase PHASE2Canadian Cancer Trials GroupStarted 2018-03-23
OlaparibDasatinibNivolumab plus Ipilimumab
Pancreatic Acinar Cell CarcinomaPancreatic AdenocarcinomaPancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma

The PLATINUM Trial: Optimizing Chemotherapy for the Second-Line Treatment of Metastatic BRCA1/2 or PALB2-Associated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

ACTIVE NOT RECRUITING
NCT06115499Phase PHASE2, PHASE3Alliance for Clinical Trials in OncologyStarted 2024-08-13
Nab paclitaxelGemcitabineCisplatin
Clinical Literature
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